일본과 해외의 조사회사나 출판사로부터 출판된 산업 조사 보고서 및 데이터 판매 · 연간 서비스 · 맞춤 정보 제공 ChosaReport-Korea 주식회사 SEMABIZ

불화수소산(Hydrofluoric Acid) 시장 : 2027년까지의 세계 예측

출판 : MarketsandMarkets (마켓츠앤마켓츠)   출판년월 : 2023년03월

불화수소산(Hydrofluoric Acid) 시장 : 등급 [AHF, DHF(농도 50% 이상), DHF(농도 50% 미만)], 용도, 지역별(아시아 태평양, 북미, 유럽, 남미, 중동 및 아프리카) – 2027년까지의 세계 예측
Hydrofluoric Acid Market by Grade (AHF, DHF (above 50% concentration) and DHF (below 50% concentration)), Application, and Region (Asia Pacific, North America, Europe, South America, Middle East & Africa) – Global Forecast to 2027

페이지수 184
도표수 237
구성 영문조사보고서
가격

리포트목차    주문/문의    납기/라이센스안내

The market for hydrofluoric acid is approximated to be USD 3.4 billion in 2022, and it is projected to reach USD 4.5 billion by 2027 at a CAGR of 5.9%. Out of three grades (AHF, DHF (Above 50% Concentration), and DHF (Below 50% Concentration), AHF has the largest market share because of it is used as a feedstock in the production of fluorocarbons.
불화수소산 시장은 2022년 약 34억 달러, 연평균 5.9% 성장하여 2027년에는 45억 달러에 이를 것으로 예상됩니다. AHF는 AHF, DHF(농도 50% 이상), DHF(농도 50% 미만)의 3개 등급 중 플루오로카본 생산의 원료로 사용되기 때문에 시장 점유율이 가장 높습니다.

불화수소산(Hydrofluoric Acid) 시장 : 등급 [AHF, DHF(농도 50% 이상), DHF(농도 50% 미만)], 용도, 지역별(아시아 태평양, 북미, 유럽, 남미, 중동 및 아프리카) - 2027년까지의 세계 예측 Hydrofluoric Acid Market by Grade (AHF, DHF (above 50% concentration) and DHF (below 50% concentration)), Application, and Region (Asia Pacific, North America, Europe, South America, Middle East & Africa) - Global Forecast to 2027

Apart from this, it is also used in the manufacturing of organic and inorganic fluorine compounds, and as a catalyst in oil refineries for alkylation processes. Rising urbanization, increasing income levels, improving living standards, which helps in rising the demands from various end-use industries such as electronic, semiconductor, etc., and helps in boosting the demand for AHF grade in the forecast period.

By Grade, AHF accounted for the highest CAGR during the forecast period.
AHF stands for Anhydrous Hydrofluoric Acid, which is a clear, and colorless gas which is mainly produced the reaction of sulphuric acid with dry fluorspar in the Prereactor and this reaction is completed in an indirectly heated rotary kiln. This reaction is an endothermic reaction,which indicates the continuous requirement of the heat in order to complete the reaction. It is used as a main feedstock in the production of fluorocarbons which can be used in refrigeration systems. Rising urbanization, improving living standards, rising income levels, and others attributes to rise the demand of this grade in the forecast period.

불화수소산(Hydrofluoric Acid) 시장 : 등급 [AHF, DHF(농도 50% 이상), DHF(농도 50% 미만)], 용도, 지역별(아시아 태평양, 북미, 유럽, 남미, 중동 및 아프리카) - 2027년까지의 세계 예측 Hydrofluoric Acid Market by Grade (AHF, DHF (above 50% concentration) and DHF (below 50% concentration)), Application, and Region (Asia Pacific, North America, Europe, South America, Middle East & Africa) - Global Forecast to 2027

By Application, Production of Fluorinated Derivatives segment accounted for the highest CAGR during the forecast period
Hydrofluoric acid is widely used in the manufacturing of fluorinated derivatives. It is used in the several applications such as, fluorine-containing compounds, such as fluorocarbons, fluoropolymers, and fluorinated solvents. These compounds are used in various end-use industries such as: electronics, automotive, and aerospace. However, the handling and storage of hydrofluoric acid can be hazardous, and appropriate safety measures must be taken to prevent accidental exposure. Rising income levels, improving living standards, and others, helps in fuelling the demand for hydrofluoric acid during the forecast period.

Asia Pacific is projected to account for the highest CAGR in the hydrofluoric acid market during the forecast period
The fastest-growing hydrofluoric acid market is expected to occur in the Asia Pacific region. The various countries which are covered in this region are India, China, Japan, South Korea, Taiwan and the Rest of Asia Pacific. Countries such as India, China, and Japan are expected to rise in the hydrofluoric acid market due to growing developmental activities and rapid economic expansion. In addition, rising urbanization in these countries results in growing demands for residential & non-residential structures, refrigeration systems, energy demands, and raises the demands for several end-use application segments such as electronic industries, semiconductor industry, and others which led to the growth of the hydrofluoric acid market in the forecast period.
Further in-depth interviews were conducted with the Chief Experience Officer (CXO), Managers, Marketing Officers, Production Officers, and other related key executives from various key companies and organizations operating in the hydrofluoric acid market.

불화수소산(Hydrofluoric Acid) 시장 : 등급 [AHF, DHF(농도 50% 이상), DHF(농도 50% 미만)], 용도, 지역별(아시아 태평양, 북미, 유럽, 남미, 중동 및 아프리카) - 2027년까지의 세계 예측 Hydrofluoric Acid Market by Grade (AHF, DHF (above 50% concentration) and DHF (below 50% concentration)), Application, and Region (Asia Pacific, North America, Europe, South America, Middle East & Africa) - Global Forecast to 2027
By Department: Sales/Export/Marketing: 53.5%, Production: 23.3%, and CXOs: 23.3%
By Designation: Managers: 60.5%, CXOs: 23.3%, and Executives: 16.3%
By Region: North America: 33%, Europe: 27%, Asia Pacific: 25%, Middle East & Africa: 10%, and South America: 5%.

Companies Covered: Honeywell International Inc.(US), Solvay (Belgium), Stella Chemifa Corporation (Japan), Daikin (Japan) and Lanxess (Germany), Merck KGaA (Germany), Dongyue Group Ltd (China), Orbia (Mexico), Yingpeng Group (China), Fluorchemie Group (Germany).

불화수소산(Hydrofluoric Acid) 시장 : 등급 [AHF, DHF(농도 50% 이상), DHF(농도 50% 미만)], 용도, 지역별(아시아 태평양, 북미, 유럽, 남미, 중동 및 아프리카) - 2027년까지의 세계 예측 Hydrofluoric Acid Market by Grade (AHF, DHF (above 50% concentration) and DHF (below 50% concentration)), Application, and Region (Asia Pacific, North America, Europe, South America, Middle East & Africa) - Global Forecast to 2027

Research Coverage
The market study covers the Hydrofluoric acid market across various segments. It aims at estimating the market size and the growth potential of this market across different segments based on application, grade, and region. The study also includes an in-depth competitive analysis of key players in the market, their company profiles, key observations related to their products and business offerings, recent developments undertaken by them, and key growth strategies adopted by them to improve their position in the hydrofluoric acid market.

불화수소산(Hydrofluoric Acid) 시장 : 등급 [AHF, DHF(농도 50% 이상), DHF(농도 50% 미만)], 용도, 지역별(아시아 태평양, 북미, 유럽, 남미, 중동 및 아프리카) - 2027년까지의 세계 예측 Hydrofluoric Acid Market by Grade (AHF, DHF (above 50% concentration) and DHF (below 50% concentration)), Application, and Region (Asia Pacific, North America, Europe, South America, Middle East & Africa) - Global Forecast to 2027
Key Benefits of Buying the Report
The report is expected to help the market leaders/new entrants in this market share the closest approximations of the revenue numbers of the overall hydrofluoric acid market and its segments and sub-segments. This report is projected to help stakeholders understand the competitive landscape of the market, gain insights to improve the position of their businesses and plan suitable go-to-market strategies. The report also aims at helping stakeholders understand the pulse of the market and provides them with information on the key market drivers, challenges, and opportunities.


목차

1 INTRODUCTION 26
1.1 STUDY OBJECTIVES 26
1.2 MARKET DEFINITION 26
1.3 STUDY SCOPE 27
1.3.1 HYDROFLUORIC ACID MARKET SEGMENTATION 27
1.3.2 REGIONAL SCOPE 27
1.4 YEARS CONSIDERED 28
1.5 CURRENCY CONSIDERED 28
1.6 UNIT CONSIDERED 28
1.7 INCLUSIONS AND EXCLUSIONS 29
TABLE 1 HYDROFLUORIC ACID MARKET: INCLUSIONS AND EXCLUSIONS 29
1.8 LIMITATIONS 29
1.9 STAKEHOLDERS 29
1.10 SUMMARY OF CHANGES 30
2 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 31
2.1 RESEARCH DATA 31
FIGURE 1 HYDROFLUORIC ACID MARKET: RESEARCH DESIGN 31
2.1.1 SECONDARY DATA 32
2.1.1.1 Key data from secondary sources 32
2.1.2 PRIMARY DATA 32
2.1.2.1 Key data from primary sources 33
2.1.2.2 Key primary insights 33
FIGURE 2 STAKEHOLDERS INVOLVED AND BREAKDOWN OF PRIMARY INTERVIEWS 34
2.2 MARKET SIZE ESTIMATION 34
FIGURE 3 MARKET SIZE ESTIMATION: BOTTOM-UP APPROACH 35
FIGURE 4 MARKET SIZE ESTIMATION: TOP-DOWN APPROACH 35
FIGURE 5 MARKET SIZE ESTIMATION: SUPPLY-SIDE 36
2.3 DATA TRIANGULATION 36
FIGURE 6 HYDROFLUORIC ACID MARKET: DATA TRIANGULATION 37
2.4 RECESSION IMPACT 37
2.5 RESEARCH ASSUMPTIONS 38
2.6 LIMITATIONS 38
2.7 GROWTH RATE ASSUMPTIONS/GROWTH FORECAST 38
3 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 39
FIGURE 7 AHF TO ACCOUNT FOR HIGHEST CAGR DURING FORECAST PERIOD 39
FIGURE 8 PRODUCTION OF FLUOROCARBON TO ACCOUNT FOR LARGEST MARKET SHARE 40
FIGURE 9 ASIA PACIFIC TO DOMINATE DURING FORECAST PERIOD 40
4 PREMIUM INSIGHTS 42
4.1 ATTRACTIVE OPPORTUNITIES FOR PLAYERS IN HYDROFLUORIC ACID MARKET 42
FIGURE 10 INCREASING DEMAND FROM VARIOUS APPLICATIONS TO DRIVE MARKET 42
4.2 HYDROFLUORIC ACID MARKET IN ASIA PACIFIC, BY APPLICATION AND COUNTRY 42
FIGURE 11 CHINA AND AHF GRADE DOMINATED HYDROFLUORIC ACID MARKET IN 2021 42
4.3 HYDROFLUORIC ACID MARKET, BY KEY COUNTRY 43
FIGURE 12 HYDROFLUORIC ACID MARKET IN CHINA TO WITNESS HIGHEST CAGR 43
5 MARKET OVERVIEW 44
5.1 INTRODUCTION 44
5.2 MARKET DYNAMICS 44
FIGURE 13 OVERVIEW OF FACTORS GOVERNING HYDROFLUORIC ACID MARKET 44
5.2.1 DRIVERS 45
5.2.1.1 Extensive usage in refrigerants, hydrofluorocarbons, and hydrofluoroolefins 45
5.2.1.2 Rising demand for fluorine compounds 45
5.2.1.3 Increased industrial applications 45
5.2.2 RESTRAINTS 45
5.2.2.1 Raw material price fluctuations 45
5.2.2.2 Stringent regulations on use of fluorocarbon refrigerants 45
TABLE 2 ELIMINATING HCFCS: CONSUMPTION REDUCTION SCHEDULE 46
TABLE 3 ELIMINATING HCFCS: PRODUCTION REDUCTION SCHEDULE 46
TABLE 4 US TO MEET THE MONTREAL PROTOCOL PHASE-OUT SCHEDULE 47
5.2.3 OPPORTUNITIES 47
5.2.3.1 Use of hydrofluoric acid in glass etching & cleaning applications 47
5.2.4 CHALLENGES 48
5.2.4.1 Toxic and hazardous effects of hydrofluoric acid 48
5.2.4.2 High transportation cost 48
6 INDUSTRY TRENDS 49
6.1 PORTER’S FIVE FORCES ANALYSIS 49
FIGURE 14 PORTER’S FIVE FORCES ANALYSIS 49
TABLE 5 HYDROFLUORIC ACID MARKET: PORTER’S FIVE FORCES ANALYSIS 50
6.1.1 THREAT OF NEW ENTRANTS 50
6.1.2 THREAT OF SUBSTITUTES 50
6.1.3 BARGAINING POWER OF SUPPLIERS 50
6.1.4 BARGAINING POWER OF BUYERS 51
6.1.5 INTENSITY OF COMPETITIVE RIVALRY 51

6.2 SUPPLY CHAIN ANALYSIS 51
6.3 TRADE ANALYSIS 52
TABLE 6 HYDROGEN FLUORIDE (HYDROFLUORIC ACID) (2811) IMPORTS, BY COUNTRY, 2021 (USD BILLION) 52
TABLE 7 HYDROGEN FLUORIDE (HYDROFLUORIC ACID) (2811) EXPORTS, BY COUNTRY, 2021 (USD BILLION) 53
TABLE 8 HYDROGEN FLUORIDE (HYDROFLUORIC ACID) (2811) US IMPORTS FROM COUNTRIES, 2021 (USD MILLION) 53
TABLE 9 HYDROGEN FLUORIDE (HYDROFLUORIC ACID) (2811) EXPORTS FROM US TO COUNTRIES, 2021 (USD MILLION) 54
6.4 TECHNOLOGY ANALYSIS 54
6.5 REGULATORY LANDSCAPE 55
TABLE 10 REGULATORY BODIES, GOVERNMENT AGENCIES, AND OTHER ORGANIZATIONS 55
6.6 CASE STUDY ANALYSIS 56
TABLE 11 BY ELECTRO CHEMICAL ENGINEERING & MANUFACTURING CO. 56
6.7 TRENDS AND DISRUPTIONS IMPACTING CUSTOMERS’ BUSINESSES 57
FIGURE 15 GROWING DEMAND FOR GLASS, CHEMICALS, AND ENERGY-EFFICIENT SOLUTIONS TO CHANGE FUTURE REVENUE MIX OF SUPPLIERS 57
6.8 KEY CONFERENCES AND EVENTS, 2022–2023 58
TABLE 12 HYDROFLUORIC ACID MARKET: CONFERENCES AND EVENTS 58
6.9 PRICING ANALYSIS 58
6.9.1 HYDROFLUORIC ACID MARKET: PRICE FLUCTUATIONS 58
6.9.2 REGIONAL PRICING 59
6.10 ECOSYSTEM MAPPING 59
FIGURE 16 HYDROFLUORIC ACID MARKET: ECOSYSTEM MAP 59
6.11 PATENT ANALYSIS 60
6.11.1 METHODOLOGY 60
6.11.2 DOCUMENT TYPE 60
FIGURE 17 DOCUMENT TYPE (2018–2022) 60
FIGURE 18 PUBLICATION TRENDS, 2018–2022 60
6.11.3 INSIGHTS 61
FIGURE 19 JURISDICTION ANALYSIS (2018–2022) 61
6.11.4 TOP APPLICANTS 61
FIGURE 20 TOP APPLICANTS, BY NUMBER OF PATENTS (TILL 2022) 61
TABLE 13 LIST OF PATENTS 62
6.12 NOVEL APPLICATIONS OF HYDROFLUORIC ACID 63
6.13 HYDROFLUORIC ACID DISTRIBUTION VEHICLES 63
TABLE 14 HYDROFLUORIC ACID MARKET: IMPORTING COUNTRIES 63
6.13.1 VEHICLE TYPES 64

7 HYDROFLUORIC ACID MARKET, BY GRADE 65
7.1 INTRODUCTION 66
TABLE 15 PROPERTIES OF MAJOR HYDROFLUORIC ACID GRADES 66
FIGURE 21 AHF SEGMENT PROJECTED TO REGISTER HIGHEST CAGR DURING FORECAST PERIOD 66
TABLE 16 GRADE: HYDROFLUORIC ACID MARKET, BY REGION, 2020–2027 (USD MILLION) 67
TABLE 17 GRADE: HYDROFLUORIC ACID MARKET, BY REGION, 2020–2027 (KILOTONS) 67
TABLE 18 HYDROFLUORIC ACID MARKET, BY GRADE, 2020–2027 (USD MILLION) 67
TABLE 19 HYDROFLUORIC ACID MARKET, BY GRADE, 2020–2027 (KILOTONS) 68
7.2 AHF 68
7.2.1 FEEDSTOCK FOR FLUOROCARBONS 68
TABLE 20 AHF: HYDROFLUORIC ACID MARKET, BY REGION, 2020–2027 (USD MILLION) 68
TABLE 21 AHF: HYDROFLUORIC ACID MARKET, BY REGION, 2020–2027 (KILOTONS) 69
7.3 DHF (ABOVE 50% CONCENTRATION) 69
7.3.1 FLUORINATED DERIVATIVES, METAL PICKLING, AND FUEL ADDITIVES 69
TABLE 22 DHF (ABOVE 50% CONCENTRATION): HYDROFLUORIC ACID MARKET, BY REGION, 2020–2027 (USD MILLION) 69
TABLE 23 DHF (ABOVE 50% CONCENTRATION): HYDROFLUORIC ACID MARKET, BY REGION, 2020–2027 (KILOTONS) 70
7.4 DHF (BELOW 50% CONCENTRATION) 70
7.4.1 GLASS ETCHING & CLEANING APPLICATIONS 70
TABLE 24 DHF (BELOW 50% CONCENTRATION): HYDROFLUORIC ACID MARKET, BY REGION, 2020–2027 (USD MILLION) 70
TABLE 25 DHF (BELOW 50% CONCENTRATION): HYDROFLUORIC ACID MARKET, BY REGION, 2020–2027 (KILOTONS) 71
8 HYDROFLUORIC ACID MARKET, BY APPLICATION 72
8.1 INTRODUCTION 73
FIGURE 22 PRODUCTION OF FLUOROCARBONS SEGMENT PROJECTED TO RECORD HIGHEST DEMAND FOR HYDROFLUORIC ACID 73
TABLE 26 APPLICATION: HYDROFLUORIC ACID MARKET, BY REGION, 2020–2027 (USD MILLION) 73
TABLE 27 APPLICATION: HYDROFLUORIC ACID MARKET, BY REGION, 2020–2027 (KILOTONS) 74
TABLE 28 HYDROFLUORIC ACID MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2020–2027 (USD MILLION) 74
TABLE 29 HYDROFLUORIC ACID MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2020–2027 (KILOTONS) 74
8.2 PRODUCTION OF FLUOROCARBONS 75
8.2.1 GROWING DEMAND FOR REFRIGERATORS TO PROPEL MARKET 75
TABLE 30 PRODUCTION OF FLUOROCARBONS: HYDROFLUORIC ACID MARKET, BY REGION, 2020–2027 (USD MILLION) 75
TABLE 31 PRODUCTION OF FLUOROCARBONS: HYDROFLUORIC ACID MARKET, BY REGION, 2020–2027 (KILOTONS) 75

8.3 PRODUCTION OF FLUORINATED DERIVATIVES 76
8.3.1 INCREASING DEMAND FOR FLUOROPOLYMERS TO FUEL MARKET GROWTH 76
TABLE 32 PRODUCTION OF FLUORINATED DERIVATIVES: HYDROFLUORIC ACID MARKET, BY REGION, 2020–2027 (USD MILLION) 76
TABLE 33 PRODUCTION OF FLUORINATED DERIVATIVES: HYDROFLUORIC ACID MARKET, BY REGION, 2020–2027 (KILOTONS) 76
8.4 METAL PICKLING 77
8.4.1 FLOURISHING METAL INDUSTRY TO DRIVE MARKET 77
TABLE 34 METAL PICKLING: HYDROFLUORIC ACID MARKET, BY REGION, 2020–2027 (USD MILLION) 77
TABLE 35 METAL PICKLING: HYDROFLUORIC ACID MARKET, BY REGION, 2020–2027 (KILOTONS) 77
8.5 GLASS ETCHING & CLEANING 78
8.5.1 GROWING SEMICONDUCTOR INDUSTRY TO INCREASE DEMAND FOR HYDROFLUORIC ACID 78
TABLE 36 GLASS ETCHING & CLEANING: HYDROFLUORIC ACID MARKET, BY REGION, 2020–2027 (USD MILLION) 78
TABLE 37 GLASS ETCHING & CLEANING: HYDROFLUORIC ACID MARKET, BY REGION, 2020–2027(KILOTONS) 78
8.6 OIL REFINING 79
8.6.1 HIGH OCTANE RATING FUELS TO BOOST SEGMENT GROWTH 79
TABLE 38 OIL REFINING: HYDROFLUORIC ACID MARKET, BY REGION, 2020–2027 (USD MILLION) 79
TABLE 39 OIL REFINING: HYDROFLUORIC ACID MARKET, BY REGION, 2020–2027 (KILOTONS) 79
8.7 URANIUM FUEL PRODUCTION 80
TABLE 40 URANIUM FUEL PRODUCTION: HYDROFLUORIC ACID MARKET, BY REGION, 2020–2027(USD MILLION) 80
TABLE 41 URANIUM FUEL PRODUCTION: HYDROFLUORIC ACID MARKET, BY REGION, 2020–2027 (KILOTONS) 80
8.8 OTHERS 81
TABLE 42 OTHERS: HYDROFLUORIC ACID MARKET, BY REGION, 2020–2027 (USD MILLION) 81
TABLE 43 OTHERS: HYDROFLUORIC ACID MARKET, BY REGION, 2020–2027 (KILOTONS) 81
9 HYDROFLUORIC ACID MARKET, BY REGION 82
9.1 INTRODUCTION 83
FIGURE 23 GEOGRAPHICAL SNAPSHOT: HYDROFLUORIC ACID MARKET, BY COUNTRY, 2022–2027 83
TABLE 44 HYDROFLUORIC ACID MARKET, BY REGION, 2020–2027 (USD MILLION) 83
TABLE 45 HYDROFLUORIC ACID MARKET, BY REGION, 2020–2027 (KILOTONS) 84
9.2 NORTH AMERICA 84
FIGURE 24 NORTH AMERICA: HYDROFLUORIC ACID MARKET SNAPSHOT 85
TABLE 46 NORTH AMERICA: HYDROFLUORIC ACID MARKET, BY COUNTRY, 2020–2027 (USD MILLION) 85
TABLE 47 NORTH AMERICA: HYDROFLUORIC ACID MARKET, BY COUNTRY, 2020–2027 (KILOTONS) 86
TABLE 48 NORTH AMERICA: HYDROFLUORIC ACID MARKET, BY GRADE, 2020–2027 (USD MILLION) 86
TABLE 49 NORTH AMERICA: HYDROFLUORIC ACID MARKET, BY GRADE, 2020–2027 (KILOTONS) 86
TABLE 50 NORTH AMERICA: HYDROFLUORIC ACID MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2020–2027 (USD MILLION) 87
TABLE 51 NORTH AMERICA: HYDROFLUORIC ACID MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2020–2027 (KILOTON) 87
9.2.1 US 88
9.2.1.1 Extensive use in production of fluorocarbons to fuel market growth 88
TABLE 52 US: HYDROFLUORIC ACID MARKET, BY GRADE, 2020–2027 (USD MILLION) 88
TABLE 53 US: HYDROFLUORIC ACID MARKET, BY GRADE, 2020–2027 (KILOTON) 89
TABLE 54 US: HYDROFLUORIC ACID MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2020–2027 (USD MILLION) 89
TABLE 55 US: HYDROFLUORIC ACID MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2020–2027 (KILOTONS) 89
9.2.2 CANADA 90
9.2.2.1 Use of fluorine derivatives in oil & gas refineries to drive market 90
TABLE 56 CANADA: HYDROFLUORIC ACID MARKET, BY GRADE, 2020–2027 (USD MILLION) 90
TABLE 57 CANADA: HYDROFLUORIC ACID MARKET, BY GRADE, 2020–2027 (KILOTON) 90
TABLE 58 CANADA: HYDROFLUORIC ACID MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2020–2027 (USD MILLION) 91
TABLE 59 CANADA: HYDROFLUORIC ACID MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2020–2027 (KILOTONS) 91
9.2.3 MEXICO 91
9.2.3.1 Easy availability of raw materials to propel market 91
TABLE 60 MEXICO: HYDROFLUORIC ACID MARKET, BY GRADE, 2020–2027 (USD MILLION) 92
TABLE 61 MEXICO: HYDROFLUORIC ACID MARKET, BY GRADE, 2020–2027 (KILOTON) 92
TABLE 62 MEXICO: HYDROFLUORIC ACID MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2020–2027 (USD MILLION) 92
TABLE 63 MEXICO: HYDROFLUORIC ACID MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2020–2027 (KILOTONS) 93
9.3 EUROPE 93
TABLE 64 EUROPE: HYDROFLUORIC ACID MARKET, BY COUNTRY, 2020–2027 (USD MILLION) 94
TABLE 65 EUROPE: HYDROFLUORIC ACID MARKET, BY COUNTRY, 2020–2027 (KILOTONS) 94
TABLE 66 EUROPE: HYDROFLUORIC ACID MARKET, BY GRADE, 2020–2027 (USD MILLION) 94
TABLE 67 EUROPE: HYDROFLUORIC ACID MARKET, BY GRADE, 2020–2027 (KILOTONS) 95
TABLE 68 EUROPE: HYDROFLUORIC ACID MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2020–2027 (USD MILLION) 95
TABLE 69 EUROPE: HYDROFLUORIC ACID MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2020–2027 (KILOTONS) 95
9.3.1 GERMANY 96
9.3.1.1 Rising semiconductor industries to fuel market growth 96
TABLE 70 GERMANY: HYDROFLUORIC ACID MARKET, BY GRADE, 2020–2027 (USD MILLION) 96
TABLE 71 GERMANY: HYDROFLUORIC ACID MARKET, BY GRADE, 2020–2027 (KILOTONS) 96
TABLE 72 GERMANY: HYDROFLUORIC ACID MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2020–2027 (USD MILLION) 97
TABLE 73 GERMANY: HYDROFLUORIC ACID MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2020–2027 (KILOTONS) 97
9.3.2 UK 97
9.3.2.1 Production of crude steel to fuel segment growth 97
TABLE 74 UK: HYDROFLUORIC ACID MARKET, BY GRADE, 2020–2027 (USD MILLION) 98
TABLE 75 UK: HYDROFLUORIC ACID MARKET, BY GRADE, 2020–2027 (KILOTONS) 98
TABLE 76 UK: HYDROFLUORIC ACID MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2020–2027 (USD MILLION) 98
TABLE 77 UK: HYDROFLUORIC ACID MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2020–2027 (KILOTONS) 99
9.3.3 FRANCE 99
9.3.3.1 Government initiatives to propel market 99
TABLE 78 FRANCE: HYDROFLUORIC ACID MARKET, BY GRADE, 2020–2027 (USD MILLION) 100
TABLE 79 FRANCE: HYDROFLUORIC ACID MARKET, BY GRADE, 2020–2027 (KILOTONS) 100
TABLE 80 FRANCE: HYDROFLUORIC ACID MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2020–2027 (USD MILLION) 100
TABLE 81 FRANCE: HYDROFLUORIC ACID MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2020–2027 (KILOTONS) 101
9.3.4 ITALY 101
9.3.4.1 Increasing demand for glass etching & cleaning agents to drive market 101
TABLE 82 ITALY: HYDROFLUORIC ACID MARKET, BY GRADE, 2020–2027 (USD MILLION) 101
TABLE 83 ITALY: HYDROFLUORIC ACID MARKET, BY GRADE, 2020–2027 (KILOTONS) 102
TABLE 84 ITALY: HYDROFLUORIC ACID MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2020–2027 (USD MILLION) 102
TABLE 85 ITALY: HYDROFLUORIC ACID MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2020–2027 (KILOTONS) 102
9.3.5 RUSSIA 103
9.3.5.1 Oil and crude steel production to impact market growth 103
TABLE 86 RUSSIA: HYDROFLUORIC ACID MARKET, BY GRADE, 2020–2027 (USD MILLION) 103
TABLE 87 RUSSIA: HYDROFLUORIC ACID MARKET, BY GRADE, 2020–2027 (KILOTONS) 103
TABLE 88 RUSSIA: HYDROFLUORIC ACID MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2020–2027 (USD MILLION) 104
TABLE 89 RUSSIA: HYDROFLUORIC ACID MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2020–2027 (KILOTONS) 104
9.3.6 REST OF EUROPE 104
TABLE 90 REST OF EUROPE: HYDROFLUORIC ACID MARKET, BY GRADE, 2020–2027 (USD MILLION) 105
TABLE 91 REST OF EUROPE: HYDROFLUORIC ACID MARKET, BY GRADE, 2020–2027 (KILOTONS) 105
TABLE 92 REST OF EUROPE: HYDROFLUORIC ACID MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2020–2027 (USD MILLION) 105
TABLE 93 REST OF EUROPE: HYDROFLUORIC ACID MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2020–2027 (KILOTONS) 106
9.4 ASIA PACIFIC 106
FIGURE 25 ASIA PACIFIC: MARKET SNAPSHOT 107
TABLE 94 ASIA PACIFIC: HYDROFLUORIC ACID MARKET, BY COUNTRY, 2020–2027 (USD MILLION) 107
TABLE 95 ASIA PACIFIC: HYDROFLUORIC ACID MARKET, BY COUNTRY, 2020–2027 (KILOTONS) 108
TABLE 96 ASIA PACIFIC: HYDROFLUORIC ACID MARKET, BY GRADE, 2020–2027 (USD MILLION) 108
TABLE 97 ASIA PACIFIC: HYDROFLUORIC ACID MARKET, BY GRADE, 2020–2027 (KILOTONS) 108
TABLE 98 ASIA PACIFIC: HYDROFLUORIC ACID MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2020–2027 (USD MILLION) 109
TABLE 99 ASIA PACIFIC: HYDROFLUORIC ACID MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2020–2027 (KILOTON) 109
9.4.1 CHINA 110
9.4.1.1 Growing industrialization to drive market 110
TABLE 100 CHINA: HYDROFLUORIC ACID MARKET, BY GRADE, 2020–2027 (USD MILLION) 110
TABLE 101 CHINA: HYDROFLUORIC ACID MARKET, BY GRADE, 2020–2027 (KILOTON) 110
TABLE 102 CHINA: HYDROFLUORIC ACID MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2020–2027 (USD MILLION) 111
TABLE 103 CHINA: HYDROFLUORIC ACID MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2020–2027 (KILOTONS) 111
9.4.2 JAPAN 111
9.4.2.1 Electronic industry to govern market growth 111
TABLE 104 JAPAN: HYDROFLUORIC ACID MARKET, BY GRADE, 2020–2027 (USD MILLION) 112
TABLE 105 JAPAN: HYDROFLUORIC ACID MARKET, BY GRADE, 2020–2027 (KILOTON) 112
TABLE 106 JAPAN: HYDROFLUORIC ACID MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2020–2027 (USD MILLION) 112
TABLE 107 JAPAN: HYDROFLUORIC ACID MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2020–2027 (KILOTONS) 113
9.4.3 INDIA 113
9.4.3.1 Growing electronic manufacturing companies to drive market 113
TABLE 108 INDIA: HYDROFLUORIC ACID MARKET, BY GRADE, 2020–2027 (USD MILLION) 114
TABLE 109 INDIA: HYDROFLUORIC ACID MARKET, BY GRADE, 2020–2027 (KILOTON) 114
TABLE 110 INDIA: HYDROFLUORIC ACID MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2020–2027 (USD MILLION) 114
TABLE 111 INDIA: HYDROFLUORIC ACID MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2020–2027 (KILOTONS) 115
9.4.4 SOUTH KOREA 115
9.4.4.1 Semiconductor chip manufacturing to propel market 115
TABLE 112 SOUTH KOREA: HYDROFLUORIC ACID MARKET, BY GRADE, 2020–2027 (USD MILLION) 116
TABLE 113 SOUTH KOREA: HYDROFLUORIC ACID MARKET, BY GRADE, 2020–2027 (KILOTON) 116
TABLE 114 SOUTH KOREA: HYDROFLUORIC ACID MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2020–2027 (USD MILLION) 116
TABLE 115 SOUTH KOREA: HYDROFLUORIC ACID MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2020–2027 (KILOTONS) 117
9.4.5 TAIWAN 117
9.4.5.1 Government strategies to propel market 117
TABLE 116 TAIWAN: HYDROFLUORIC ACID MARKET, BY GRADE, 2020–2027 (USD MILLION) 117
TABLE 117 TAIWAN: HYDROFLUORIC ACID MARKET, BY GRADE, 2020–2027 (KILOTON) 118
TABLE 118 TAIWAN: HYDROFLUORIC ACID MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2020–2027 (USD MILLION) 118
TABLE 119 TAIWAN: HYDROFLUORIC ACID MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2020–2027 (KILOTONS) 118
9.4.6 REST OF ASIA PACIFIC 119
TABLE 120 REST OF ASIA PACIFIC: HYDROFLUORIC ACID MARKET, BY GRADE, 2020–2027 (USD MILLION) 119
TABLE 121 REST OF ASIA PACIFIC: HYDROFLUORIC ACID MARKET, BY GRADE, 2020–2027 (KILOTON) 119
TABLE 122 REST OF ASIA PACIFIC: HYDROFLUORIC ACID MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2020–2027 (USD MILLION) 120
TABLE 123 REST OF ASIA PACIFIC: HYDROFLUORIC ACID MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2020–2027 (KILOTONS) 120
9.5 SOUTH AMERICA 121
TABLE 124 SOUTH AMERICA: HYDROFLUORIC ACID MARKET, BY COUNTRY, 2020–2027 (USD MILLION) 121
TABLE 125 SOUTH AMERICA: HYDROFLUORIC ACID MARKET, BY COUNTRY, 2020–2027 (KILOTONS) 121
TABLE 126 SOUTH AMERICA: HYDROFLUORIC ACID MARKET, BY GRADE, 2020–2027 (USD MILLION) 122
TABLE 127 SOUTH AMERICA: HYDROFLUORIC ACID MARKET, BY GRADE, 2020–2027 (KILOTONS) 122
TABLE 128 SOUTH AMERICA: HYDROFLUORIC ACID MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2020–2027 (USD MILLION) 122
TABLE 129 SOUTH AMERICA: HYDROFLUORIC ACID MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2020–2027 (KILOTON) 123

9.5.1 BRAZIL 123
9.5.1.1 HFO production to create new opportunities for market growth 123
TABLE 130 BRAZIL: HYDROFLUORIC ACID MARKET, BY GRADE, 2020–2027 (USD MILLION) 124
TABLE 131 BRAZIL: HYDROFLUORIC ACID MARKET, BY GRADE, 2020–2027 (KILOTON) 124
TABLE 132 BRAZIL: HYDROFLUORIC ACID MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2020–2027 (USD MILLION) 124
TABLE 133 BRAZIL: HYDROFLUORIC ACID MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2020–2027 (KILOTONS) 125
9.5.2 ARGENTINA 125
9.5.2.1 Economic scenario to hamper market growth 125
TABLE 134 ARGENTINA: HYDROFLUORIC ACID MARKET, BY GRADE, 2020–2027 (USD MILLION) 125
TABLE 135 ARGENTINA: HYDROFLUORIC ACID MARKET, BY GRADE, 2020–2027 (KILOTON) 126
TABLE 136 ARGENTINA: HYDROFLUORIC ACID MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2020–2027 (USD MILLION) 126
TABLE 137 ARGENTINA: HYDROFLUORIC ACID MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2020–2027 (KILOTONS) 126
9.5.3 REST OF SOUTH AMERICA 127
TABLE 138 REST OF SOUTH AMERICA: HYDROFLUORIC ACID MARKET, BY GRADE, 2020–2027 (USD MILLION) 127
TABLE 139 REST OF SOUTH AMERICA: HYDROFLUORIC ACID MARKET, BY GRADE, 2020–2027 (KILOTON) 127
TABLE 140 REST OF SOUTH AMERICA: HYDROFLUORIC ACID MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2020–2027 (USD MILLION) 128
TABLE 141 REST OF SOUTH AMERICA: HYDROFLUORIC ACID MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2020–2027 (KILOTONS) 128
9.6 MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA 128
TABLE 142 MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA: HYDROFLUORIC ACID MARKET, BY COUNTRY, 2020–2027 (USD MILLION) 129
TABLE 143 MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA: HYDROFLUORIC ACID MARKET, BY COUNTRY, 2020–2027 (KILOTONS) 129
TABLE 144 MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA: HYDROFLUORIC ACID MARKET, BY GRADE, 2020–2027 (USD MILLION) 129
TABLE 145 MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA: HYDROFLUORIC ACID MARKET, BY GRADE, 2020–2027 (KILOTONS) 130
TABLE 146 MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA: HYDROFLUORIC ACID MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2020–2027 (USD MILLION) 130
TABLE 147 MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA: HYDROFLUORIC ACID MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2020–2027 (KILOTON) 131
9.6.1 SAUDI ARABIA 131
9.6.1.1 Government initiatives for developmental activities to propel market 131
TABLE 148 SAUDI ARABIA: HYDROFLUORIC ACID MARKET, BY GRADE, 2020–2027 (USD MILLION) 132
TABLE 149 SAUDI ARABIA: HYDROFLUORIC ACID MARKET, BY GRADE, 2020–2027 (KILOTON) 132
TABLE 150 SAUDI ARABIA: HYDROFLUORIC ACID MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2020–2027 (USD MILLION) 132
TABLE 151 SAUDI ARABIA: HYDROFLUORIC ACID MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2020–2027 (KILOTONS) 133
9.6.2 SOUTH AFRICA 133
9.6.2.1 Growing demand from several application segments to support market growth 133
TABLE 152 SOUTH AFRICA: HYDROFLUORIC ACID MARKET, BY GRADE, 2020–2027 (USD MILLION) 133
TABLE 153 SOUTH AFRICA: HYDROFLUORIC ACID MARKET, BY GRADE, 2020–2027 (KILOTON) 134
TABLE 154 SOUTH AFRICA: HYDROFLUORIC ACID MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2020–2027 (USD MILLION) 134
TABLE 155 SOUTH AFRICA: HYDROFLUORIC ACID MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2020–2027 (KILOTONS) 135
9.6.3 REST OF MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA 135
TABLE 156 REST OF MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA: HYDROFLUORIC ACID MARKET, BY GRADE, 2020–2027 (USD MILLION) 135
TABLE 157 REST OF MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA: HYDROFLUORIC ACID MARKET, BY GRADE, 2020–2027 (KILOTON) 136
TABLE 158 REST OF MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA: HYDROFLUORIC ACID MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2020–2027 (USD MILLION) 136
TABLE 159 REST OF MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA: HYDROFLUORIC ACID MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2020–2027 (KILOTONS) 137
10 COMPETITIVE LANDSCAPE 138
10.1 OVERVIEW 138
10.2 KEY GROWTH STRATEGIES, 2018–2022 138
10.3 MARKET SHARE ANALYSIS 139
FIGURE 26 HYDROFLUORIC ACID MARKET: MARKET SHARE ANALYSIS 139
10.4 COMPANY EVALUATION QUADRANT 139
10.4.1 STARS 139
10.4.2 EMERGING LEADERS 139
10.4.3 PARTICIPANTS 139
10.4.4 PERVASIVE PLAYERS 140
FIGURE 27 COMPETITIVE LEADERSHIP MAPPING: HYDROFLUORIC ACID MARKET, 2021 140
10.5 SME MATRIX, 2021 141
10.5.1 PROGRESSIVE COMPANIES 141
10.5.2 RESPONSIVE COMPANIES 141
10.5.3 DYNAMIC COMPANIES 141
10.5.4 STARTING BLOCKS 141
FIGURE 28 SME MATRIX: HYDROFLUORIC ACID MARKET, 2021 142
10.6 COMPETITIVE SCENARIO 143
10.6.1 DEALS 143
TABLE 160 DEALS, 2018–2022 143
10.6.2 OTHER DEVELOPMENTS 144
TABLE 161 OTHER DEVELOPMENTS, 2018–2022 144
11 COMPANY PROFILES 145
(Business Overview, Products/Solutions/Services offered, Recent Developments, MnM view, Right to win, Strategic choices, Weakness and competitive threats) *
11.1 HONEYWELL INTERNATIONAL INC. 145
TABLE 162 HONEYWELL INTERNATIONAL INC.: COMPANY OVERVIEW 145
FIGURE 29 HONEYWELL INTERNATIONAL INC.: COMPANY SNAPSHOT 146
TABLE 163 HONEYWELL INTERNATIONAL INC.: PRODUCTS OFFERED 146
TABLE 164 HONEYWELL INTERNATIONAL INC.: DEALS 147
11.2 SOLVAY 148
TABLE 165 SOLVAY: COMPANY OVERVIEW 148
FIGURE 30 SOLVAY: COMPANY SNAPSHOT 149
TABLE 166 SOLVAY: PRODUCTS OFFERED 149
TABLE 167 SOLVAY: DEALS 150
TABLE 168 SOLVAY: OTHER DEVELOPMENTS 151
11.3 STELLA CHEMIFA CORPORATION 152
TABLE 169 STELLA CHEMIFA CORPORATION: COMPANY OVERVIEW 152
FIGURE 31 STELLA CHEMIFA CORPORATION: COMPANY SNAPSHOT 153
TABLE 170 STELLA CHEMIFA CORPORATION: PRODUCTS OFFERED 153
11.4 DAIKIN 155
TABLE 171 DAIKIN: COMPANY OVERVIEW 155
FIGURE 32 DAIKIN: COMPANY SNAPSHOT 156
TABLE 172 DAIKIN: PRODUCTS OFFERED 156
TABLE 173 DAIKIN: OTHER DEVELOPMENTS 157
11.5 LANXESS 159
TABLE 174 LANXESS: COMPANY OVERVIEW 159
FIGURE 33 LANXESS: COMPANY SNAPSHOT 160
TABLE 175 LANXESS: PRODUCTS OFFERED 160
11.5.3 RECENT DEVELOPMENTS 161
TABLE 176 LANXESS: OTHER DEVELOPMENTS 161
11.6 MERCK KGAA 162
TABLE 177 MERCK KGAA: COMPANY OVERVIEW 162
FIGURE 34 MERCK KGAA: COMPANY SNAPSHOT 163
TABLE 178 MERCK KGAA: PRODUCTS OFFERED 163
11.7 DONGYUE GROUP LTD. 165
TABLE 179 DONGYUE GROUP LTD.: COMPANY OVERVIEW 165
FIGURE 35 DONGYUE GROUP LTD.: COMPANY SNAPSHOT 166
TABLE 180 DONGYUE GROUP LTD.: PRODUCTS OFFERED 166

11.8 ORBIA 167
TABLE 181 ORBIA: COMPANY OVERVIEW 167
FIGURE 36 ORBIA: COMPANY SNAPSHOT 168
TABLE 182 ORBIA: PRODUCTS OFFERED 168
11.9 YINGPENG GROUP 169
TABLE 183 YINGPENG GROUP: COMPANY OVERVIEW 169
TABLE 184 YINGPENG GROUP: PRODUCTS OFFERED 169
11.10 FLUORCHEMIE GROUP 171
TABLE 185 FLUORCHEMIE GROUP: COMPANY OVERVIEW 171
TABLE 186 FLUORCHEMIE GROUP: PRODUCTS OFFERED 171
*Details on Business Overview, Products Offered, Recent Developments, Deals, MnM view, Key strengths/right to win, Strategic choices made, Weakness/competitive threats might not be captured in case of unlisted companies.
11.11 OTHER PLAYERS 172
11.11.1 DERIVADOS DEL FLUOR 172
TABLE 187 DERIVADOS DEL FLUOR: COMPANY OVERVIEW 172
11.11.2 SODEREC INTERNATIONAL 173
TABLE 188 SODEREC INTERNATIONAL: COMPANY OVERVIEW 173
11.11.3 MORITA CHEMICAL INDUSTRIES 174
TABLE 189 MORITA CHEMICAL INDUSTRIES: COMPANY OVERVIEW 174
11.11.4 FUBAO GROUP 175
TABLE 190 FUBAO GROUP: COMPANY OVERVIEW 175
11.11.5 GULF FLUOR 176
TABLE 191 GULF FLUOR: COMPANY OVERVIEW 176
11.11.6 ZHEJIANG SANMEI CHEMICAL IND. CO., LTD. 177
TABLE 192 ZHEJIANG SANMEI CHEMICAL IND. CO., LTD.: COMPANY OVERVIEW 177
11.11.7 FUJIAN SHAOWU YONGFEI CHEMICAL CO., LTD. 178
TABLE 193 FUJIAN SHAOWU YONGFEI CHEMICAL CO., LTD.: COMPANY OVERVIEW 178
11.11.8 SHAOWU HUAXIN CHEMICAL CO., LTD. 179
TABLE 194 SHAOWU HUAXIN CHEMICAL CO., LTD.: COMPANY OVERVIEW 179
11.11.9 NAVIN FLUORINE INTERNATIONAL LIMITED 180
TABLE 195 NAVIN FLUORINE INTERNATIONAL LIMITED: COMPANY OVERVIEW 180
11.11.10 FLUORSID S.P.A. 180
TABLE 196 FLUORSID S.P.A.: COMPANY OVERVIEW 180
11.11.11 SRF 181
TABLE 197 SRF: COMPANY OVERVIEW 181
11.11.12 SHANDONG SHING CHEMICAL CO., LTD. 181
TABLE 198 SHANDONG SHING CHEMICAL CO., LTD.: COMPANY OVERVIEW 181
11.11.13 JIANGXI CHINAFLUORINE CHEMICAL CO., LTD. 182
TABLE 199 JIANGXI CHINAFLUORINE CHEMICAL CO., LTD.: COMPANY OVERVIEW 182
11.11.14 BUSS CHEMTECH AG 182
TABLE 200 BUSS CHEMTECH AG: COMPANY OVERVIEW 182
11.11.15 FUJIAN KINGS FLUORIDE INDUSTRY CO., LTD. 183
TABLE 201 FUJIAN KINGS FLUORIDE INDUSTRY CO., LTD.: COMPANY OVERVIEW 183
12 APPENDIX 184
12.1 DISCUSSION GUIDE 184
12.2 KNOWLEDGESTORE: MARKETSANDMARKETS’ SUBSCRIPTION PORTAL 187
12.3 CUSTOMIZATION OPTIONS 189
12.4 RELATED REPORTS 189
12.5 AUTHOR DETAILS 190


    주문/문의폼

    • 리포트 제목은 자동으로 입력됩니다.

    • *항목은 필수항목입니다.

    의뢰분류*

    성함*

    회사명*

    부서명

    이메일*

    전화번호

    저희 사이트를 알게 된 경로를 가르쳐 주세요.

    문의 내용*

     

    ※개인정보보호정책은여기에서 확인 가능합니다。

    Email 문의도 받고 있습니다.
    아래 주소이며 죄송하지만 "(at)"을 "@"로 바꾸어 보내주시길 부탁드립니다.
    mooneui(at)chosareport-korea.com