지역 냉방 시장 – 2029년까지의 세계 예측

조사회사 : MarketsandMarkets (마켓츠앤마켓츠)   출판년월 : 2024년08월

District Cooling Market – Global Forecast To 2029

지역 냉방 시장 – 생산 기술(자유 냉각, 흡수 냉각, 전기 냉각기), 공급원(화석 연료, 재생 가능 에너지), 용도(주택, 상업, 산업), 지역별 – 2029년까지의 세계 예측
District Cooling Market by Production Technique (Free Cooling, Absorption Cooling, & Electric Chillers), Source (Fossil Fuels, Renewables), Application (Residential, Commercial, & Industrial) and Region – Global Forecast to 2029

　　　　주문/문의　　　　조사회사/라이센스/납기안내

Report Overview

The district cooling market size is projected to reach USD  1.3 billion by 2029 at a CAGR of 3.6% from USD  1.1 billion in 2024.

지역 냉방 시장 규모는 2024년 11억 달러에서 3.6%의 CAGR로 2029년까지 13억 달러에 이를 것으로 예상됩니다.

The factors fueling the growth of district cooling are rapid urbanization, escalating global temperatures, and the demand for energy-efficient, sustainable cooling solutions. To curtail energy use and greenhouse gas emissions, governments and industries are increasingly investing in district cooling systems, aligning with stringent environmental regulations. Furthermore, advancements in technology and the incorporation of renewable energy sources are boosting the attractiveness of these systems, promoting their widespread adoption across different sectors.

“Fossil Fuels is likely to account for the largest share of district cooling market.”

During the forecast period, fossil fuels stands out as the largest by source segment in the district cooling market, both in terms of value. This is because of their well-established infrastructure and general availability. They offer a steady and dependable energy source that is required for extensive cooling operations. Furthermore, fossil fuels are an effective source of energy for running the large machinery needed for district cooling systems due to their high energy density. However, in order to improve sustainability and lessen environmental effect, there is an increasing trend toward the integration of renewable energy sources.

“Free cooling is the fastest growing production technique in district cooling market.”

Free cooling represented the fastest growing production technique segment in the district cooling market. Free cooling is a cost-effective and sustainable method that leverages low external temperatures to cool water for district cooling systems. This process utilizes ambient air or cold water from natural sources like lakes, seas, or rivers. Heat exchangers cool the water circulating through district cooling networks, and the now-warm water is released back into the natural source. By incorporating free cooling, the energy efficiency of new or existing buildings can be significantly enhanced. This method, along with district cooling and heat pumps, consumes less electricity compared to systems relying solely on adsorption or electrical chillers.

“Middle East & Africa, by region is forecasted to be the fastest segment of district cooling market during the forecast period.”

The Middle East & Africa region is the fastest-growing market for district cooling due to its hot climate, which drives substantial demand for cooling solutions. Countries like the UAE, Saudi Arabia, and Qatar have aggressively adopted district cooling to efficiently meet the cooling needs of their rapidly growing urban populations and extensive commercial developments. The region’s investment in large-scale infrastructure projects and commitment to sustainable urban planning further support the growth of district cooling systems, making it a dominant market globally.

The break-up of the profile of primary participants in the district cooling market:

• By Company Type: Tier 1 – 46%, Tier 2 – 36%, and Tier 3 – 18%
• By Designation: C Level – 35%, D Level – 25%, and Others – 40%
• By Region: North America – 50%, Europe –30%, Asia Pacific – 20%, South America- 12%, the Middle East & Africa – 8%.

The key companies profiled in this report are Johnson Controls Inc. (US), Daikin Industries, Ltd. (Japan), Trane Technologies plc (Ireland), Mistubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. (Japan), and Danfoss A/S (Denmark).

Research Coverage:

The district cooling market has been segmented based on Source (Fossil Fuels, Renewables, and Others), Production Technique (Free Cooling, Absorption Cooling, and Electric Chillers), Application (Commercial, Residential, and Industrial), and by Region (Asia Pacific, Europe, North America, South America, and Middle East & Africa).

Reasons to Buy the Report

From an insight perspective, this research report focuses on various levels of analyses — industry analysis (industry trends), market ranking analysis of top players, and company profiles, which together comprise and discuss the basic views on the competitive landscape; emerging and high-growth segments of the market; high growth regions; and market drivers, restraints, opportunities, and challenges.

The report provides insights on the following pointers:

Analysis of key drivers (enhanced energy efficiency requirement), restraints (high initial infrastructure costs and investments for district cooling systems), opportunities (technological advancements in smart grid integration and IoT), challenges (difficulties faced during implementation of district cooling systems)

•  Product Development/Innovation: Detailed insights on upcoming technologies, research & development activities, and new product launches in the market
• Market Development: Comprehensive information about lucrative emerging markets – the report analyzes the market for district cooling across regions
• Market Diversification: Exhaustive information about new products, untapped geographies, recent developments, and investments in the market
• Competitive Assessment: In-depth assessment of market shares, strategies, products, and manufacturing capabilities of leading players in the market.

Table of Contents

1            INTRODUCTION            25

1.1         STUDY OBJECTIVES      25

1.2         MARKET DEFINITION   25

1.3         STUDY SCOPE  26

1.3.1      MARKETS COVERED AND REGIONAL SCOPE     26

1.3.2      INCLUSIONS AND EXCLUSIONS 26

1.3.3      YEARS CONSIDERED     27

1.4         CURRENCY CONSIDERED          27

1.5         UNITS CONSIDERED     28

1.6         LIMITATIONS   28

1.7         STAKEHOLDERS            28

1.8         SUMMARY OF CHANGES            28

2            RESEARCH METHODOLOGY     30

2.1         RESEARCH APPROACH 30

2.1.1      SECONDARY DATA       31

2.1.1.1   Key data from secondary sources     31

2.1.1.2   List of key secondary sources           31

2.1.2      PRIMARY DATA 32

2.1.2.1   Key data from primary sources         32

2.1.2.2   Key industry insights          33

2.1.2.3   List of primary interview participants             33

2.1.2.4   Breakdown of primaries     34

2.2         MARKET BREAKDOWN AND DATA TRIANGULATION    35

2.3         MARKET SIZE ESTIMATION METHODOLOGY    37

2.3.1      BOTTOM-UP APPROACH           37

2.3.1.1   Demand-side analysis        38

2.3.1.1.1 Regional analysis 38

2.3.1.1.2 Country-level analysis        39

2.3.1.1.3 Demand-side assumptions 39

2.3.1.1.4 Demand-side calculations  39

2.3.2      TOP-DOWN APPROACH             40

2.3.2.1   Supply-side analysis           41

2.3.2.1.1 Supply-side assumptions    42

2.3.2.1.2 Supply-side calculations     42

2.4         FORECAST        42

2.5         RISK ANALYSIS 42

2.6         RESEARCH ASSUMPTIONS         43

2.7         RESEARCH LIMITATIONS           43

3            EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 44

4            PREMIUM INSIGHTS      48

4.1         ATTRACTIVE OPPORTUNITIES FOR PLAYERS IN DISTRICT COOLING MARKET            48

4.2         DISTRICT COOLING MARKET IN ASIA PACIFIC, BY APPLICATION AND COUNTRY         49

4.3         DISTRICT COOLING MARKET, BY APPLICATION            49

4.4         DISTRICT COOLING MARKET, BY PRODUCTION TECHNIQUE   50

4.5         DISTRICT COOLING MARKET, BY SOURCE         50

4.6         DISTRICT COOLING MARKET, BY REGION         51

5            MARKET OVERVIEW     52

5.1         INTRODUCTION            52

5.2         MARKET DYNAMICS     52

5.2.1      DRIVERS            53

5.2.1.1   Increasing focus on achieving sustainability goals         53

5.2.1.2   Rapid urbanization and population growth    53

5.2.1.3   Mounting demand for air conditioning units  54

5.2.2      RESTRAINTS     55

5.2.2.1   High initial infrastructure development costs 55

5.2.2.2   Limited financial support and inconsistent policies      56

5.2.3      OPPORTUNITIES           56

5.2.3.1   Advances in IoT and smart grid technologies 56

5.2.4      CHALLENGES   56

5.2.4.1   Space constraints and operational issues        56

5.3         TRENDS/DISRUPTIONS IMPACTING CUSTOMERS’ BUSINESSES 57

5.4         VALUE CHAIN ANALYSIS            58

5.5         ECOSYSTEM ANALYSIS 59

5.6         CASE STUDY ANALYSIS 60

5.6.1      ARANER IMPLEMENTS WATER-FREE DISTRICT COOLING SOLUTIONS AS

PART OF SAUDI ARABIA’S VISION 2030 TOURISM PROJECTS       60

5.6.2      CONCESSION AGREEMENTS HELP OVERCOME CHALLENGES ASSOCIATED WITH IMPLEMENTING DISTRICT COOLING SYSTEMS       61

5.6.3      SOOKE SCHOOL DISTRICT 62 ADOPTS HCMA’S DISTRICT COOLING SYSTEMS TO PROMOTE ENERGY EFFICIENCY AND SUSTAINABILITY    61

5.7         TECHNOLOGY ANALYSIS           61

5.7.1      KEY TECHNOLOGIES    61

5.7.1.1   Absorption chillers             61

5.7.2      ADJACENT TECHNOLOGIES      62

5.7.2.1   Thermal energy storage     62

5.8         TRADE ANALYSIS          62

5.8.1      EXPORT SCENARIO (HS CODE 841989)  62

5.8.2      IMPORT SCENARIO (HS CODE 841989)  64

5.9         PATENT ANALYSIS        66

5.10       KEY CONFERENCES AND EVENTS, 2024 68

5.11       PRICING ANALYSIS        68

5.11.1    INDICATIVE PRICING TREND, BY APPLICATION             68

5.11.2    AVERAGE SELLING PRICE TREND, BY REGION  69

5.12       INVESTMENT AND FUNDING SCENARIO            70

5.13       TARIFF AND REGULATORY LANDSCAPE            70

5.13.1    TARIFF ANALYSIS          70

5.13.2    REGULATORY BODIES, GOVERNMENT AGENCIES,

AND OTHER ORGANIZATIONS 71

5.13.3    CODES AND REGULATIONS      73

5.14       PORTER’S FIVE FORCES ANALYSIS         74

5.14.1    THREAT OF NEW ENTRANTS    75

5.14.2    BARGAINING POWER OF SUPPLIERS     75

5.14.3    BARGAINING POWER OF BUYERS           75

5.14.4    THREAT OF SUBSTITUTES         75

5.14.5    INTENSITY OF COMPETITIVE RIVALRY 75

5.15       KEY STAKEHOLDERS AND BUYING CRITERIA    76

5.15.1    KEY STAKEHOLDERS IN BUYING PROCESS         76

5.15.2    BUYING CRITERIA         77

5.16       IMPACT OF GEN AI/AI ON DISTRICT COOLING MARKET            78

6            DISTRICT COOLING MARKET, BY PRODUCTION TECHNIQUE   80

6.1         INTRODUCTION            81

6.2         FREE COOLING 82

6.2.1      COST-EFFECTIVENESS AND SUSTAINABILITY TO CONTRIBUTE TO

SEGMENTAL GROWTH 82

6.3         ABSORPTION COOLING             83

6.3.1      NEED TO ADHERE TO NOISE STANDARDS TO FOSTER SEGMENTAL GROWTH          83

6.4         ELECTRIC CHILLERS     84

6.4.1      REQUIREMENT FOR CENTRALIZED SOLUTIONS TO MEET URBAN COOLING NEEDS TO BOOST SEGMENTAL GROWTH     84

7            DISTRICT COOLING MARKET, BY SOURCE         86

7.1         INTRODUCTION            87

7.2         FOSSIL FUELS   88

7.2.1      INCREASING RELIANCE ON NATURAL GAS TO ADDRESS COOLING NEEDS TO AUGMENT SEGMENTAL GROWTH   88

7.3         RENEWABLE ENERGY   89

7.3.1      RISING GOVERNMENT INITIATIVES TO PROMOTE ENERGY-EFFICIENT BUILDINGS TO FOSTER SEGMENTAL GROWTH 89

7.4         OTHER SOURCES           90

8            DISTRICT COOLING MARKET, BY APPLICATION            92

8.1         INTRODUCTION            93

8.2         RESIDENTIAL   95

8.2.1      INCREASING DEPLOYMENT OF GREEN BUILDING TECHNOLOGIES TO EXPEDITE SEGMENTAL GROWTH          95

8.3         INDUSTRIAL     96

8.3.1      RISING NEED FOR PRECISE TEMPERATURE AND HUMIDITY CONTROL IN WAREHOUSES TO AUGMENT SEGMENTAL GROWTH             96

8.4         COMMERCIAL  97

8.4.1      HOSPITALS       98

8.4.1.1   Increasing requirement for maintaining optimal indoor air quality and temperature to boost segmental growth         98

8.4.2      EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTES     99

8.4.2.1   Rising emphasis on effective ventilation to contribute to

segmental growth 99

8.4.3      GOVERNMENT BUILDINGS       100

8.4.3.1   Growing focus on meeting strict energy-efficiency standards to accelerate segmental growth 100

8.4.4      OFFICES            101

8.4.4.1   Increasing awareness about energy conservation to boost

segmental growth 101

8.4.5      AIRPORTS         102

8.4.5.1   Rising emphasis on reducing energy consumption in western countries to fuel segmental growth 102

8.4.6      RETAIL STORES             103

8.4.6.1   Growing focus on enhancing customer satisfaction to augment segmental growth              103

9            DISTRICT COOLING MARKET, BY REGION         105

9.1         INTRODUCTION            106

9.2         NORTH AMERICA          108

9.2.1      US         112

9.2.1.1   Growing reliance on renewable energy in educational institutes to foster market growth   112

9.2.2      CANADA            113

9.2.2.1   Rapid transition toward sustainable energy future to boost

market growth     113

9.3         ASIA PACIFIC    115

9.3.1      CHINA  119

9.3.1.1   Increasing government initiatives to promote renewable energy consumption to drive market        119

9.3.2      JAPAN  121

9.3.2.1   Rising adoption of decarbonization strategies to accelerate

market growth     121

9.3.3      SOUTH KOREA 123

9.3.3.1   Growing demand for cooling systems in manufacturing facilities to expedite market growth     123

9.3.4      SINGAPORE      124

9.3.4.1   Increasing installation of air conditioners in commercial buildings to augment market growth     124

9.3.5      MALAYSIA         126

9.3.5.1   Rising focus on reducing energy consumption and carbon emissions to boost market growth     126

9.3.6      REST OF ASIA PACIFIC  128

9.4         EUROPE             129

9.4.1      SWEDEN            133

9.4.1.1   Mounting adoption of sustainable energy practices to drive market          133

9.4.2      FRANCE             134

9.4.2.1   Growing commitment to low-carbon energy future to expedite

market growth     134

9.4.3      GERMANY         136

9.4.3.1   Increasing investment in renewable energy sources to contribute to market growth              136

9.4.4      FINLAND           138

9.4.4.1   Expansion of high-density commercial infrastructure to

fuel market growth             138

9.4.5      NORWAY           140

9.4.5.1   Increasing implementation of strict emission standards to accelerate market growth   140

9.4.6      ITALY   141

9.4.6.1   Rising emphasis on meeting energy security objectives to

boost market growth          141

9.4.7      REST OF EUROPE           143

9.5         MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA             144

9.5.1      GCC      149

9.5.1.1   Saudi Arabia        149

9.5.1.1.1 Expanding industrial base and population growth to

drive market        149

9.5.1.2   UAE      151

9.5.1.2.1 Rising initiatives to curb carbon emissions to augment market growth     151

9.5.1.3   Qatar     153

9.5.1.3.1 Growing demand for energy-efficient cooling systems to accelerate market growth              153

9.5.1.4   Bahrain  155

9.5.1.4.1 Rising emphasis on promoting sustainable energy practices to boost market growth   155

9.5.1.5   Oman    157

9.5.1.5.1 Increasing focus on reducing dependence on hydrocarbons to contribute to market growth   157

9.5.1.6   Kuwait   158

9.5.1.6.1 Rising installation of air conditioning units to expedite market growth     158

9.5.2      EGYPT 160

9.5.2.1   Growing investment in construction projects to drive market     160

9.5.3      AFRICA & REST OF MIDDLE EAST           161

9.6         SOUTH AMERICA           163

9.6.1      BRAZIL 166

9.6.1.1   Increasing reliance on renewable energy sources to foster

market growth     166

9.6.2      ARGENTINA      167

9.6.2.1   Shifting preference from fossil fuels to clean energy sources to accelerate market growth   167

9.6.3      REST OF SOUTH AMERICA         169

10          COMPETITIVE LANDSCAPE       171

10.1       OVERVIEW        171

10.2       KEY PLAYER STRATEGIES/RIGHT TO WIN, 2019–2024     171

10.3       MARKET SHARE ANALYSIS, 2023             172

10.4       REVENUE ANALYSIS, 2019–2023 173

10.5       COMPANY EVALUATION MATRIX: KEY PLAYERS, 2023   174

10.5.1    STARS  174

10.5.2    EMERGING LEADERS    174

10.5.3    PERVASIVE PLAYERS     174

10.5.4    PARTICIPANTS 174

10.5.5    COMPANY FOOTPRINT: KEY PLAYERS, 2023      176

10.5.5.1 Company footprint            176

10.5.5.2 Production technique footprint        177

10.5.5.3 Application footprint         178

10.5.5.4 Region footprint  179

10.6       COMPANY EVALUATION MATRIX: STARTUPS/SMES, 2023          180

10.6.1    PROGRESSIVE COMPANIES       180

10.6.2    RESPONSIVE COMPANIES          180

10.6.3    DYNAMIC COMPANIES 180

10.6.4    STARTING BLOCKS       180

10.6.5    COMPETITIVE BENCHMARKING: STARTUPS/SMES, 2023             182

10.6.5.1 Detailed list of key startups/SMEs   182

10.6.5.2 Competitive benchmarking of key startups/SMEs        182

10.7       COMPETITIVE SCENARIO AND TRENDS             183

10.7.1    PRODUCT LAUNCHES  183

10.7.2    DEALS  184

10.7.3    EXPANSIONS    190

10.7.4    OTHERS             191

10.8       COMPANY VALUATION AND FINANCIAL METRICS        192

10.9       BRAND/PRODUCT COMPARISON          193

11          COMPANY PROFILES    194

11.1       ENGINEERING, PROCUREMENT, AND CONSTRUCTION (EPC) COMPANIES      194

11.1.1    EMIRATES CENTRAL COOLING SYSTEMS CORPORATION PJSC 194

11.1.1.1 Business overview 194

11.1.1.2 District cooling projects     195

11.1.1.3 Recent developments         197

11.1.1.3.1            Deals     197

11.1.1.3.2            Expansions          198

11.1.1.3.3            Others   199

11.1.1.4 MnM view           199

11.1.1.4.1            Key strengths/Right to win 199

11.1.1.4.2            Strategic choices  199

11.1.1.4.3            Weaknesses/Competitive threats     200

11.1.2    TABREED          201

11.1.2.1 Business overview 201

11.1.2.2 District cooling projects     202

11.1.2.3 Recent developments         203

11.1.2.3.1            Deals     203

11.1.2.3.2            Expansions          207

11.1.2.3.3            Others   207

11.1.2.4 MnM view           208

11.1.2.4.1            Key strengths/Right to win 208

11.1.2.4.2            Strategic choices  208

11.1.2.4.3            Weaknesses/Competitive threats     208

11.1.3    EMICOOL          209

11.1.3.1 Business overview 209

11.1.3.2 District cooling projects     209

11.1.3.3 Recent developments         210

11.1.3.3.1            Deals     210

11.1.3.3.2            Expansions          211

11.1.3.4 MnM view           211

11.1.3.4.1            Key strengths/Right to win 211

11.1.3.4.2            Strategic choices  211

11.1.3.4.3            Weaknesses/Competitive threats     211

11.1.4    SHINRYO CORPORATION           212

11.1.4.1 Business overview 212

11.1.4.2 District cooling projects     213

11.1.4.3 MnM view           214

11.1.4.3.1            Key strengths/Right to win 214

11.1.4.3.2            Strategic choices  214

11.1.4.3.3            Weaknesses/Competitive threats     214

11.1.5    ADC ENERGY SYSTEMS 215

11.1.5.1 Business overview 215

11.1.5.2 District cooling projects     215

11.1.5.3 MnM view           216

11.1.5.3.1            Key strengths/Right to win 216

11.1.5.3.2            Strategic choices  217

11.1.5.3.3            Weaknesses/Competitive threats     217

11.1.6    KEPPEL 218

11.1.6.1 Business overview 218

11.1.6.2 District cooling projects     219

11.1.6.3 Recent developments         220

11.1.6.3.1            Deals     220

11.1.6.3.2            Expansions          220

11.1.7    RAMBOLL GROUP A/S  221

11.1.7.1 Business overview 221

11.1.7.2 District cooling projects     222

11.1.7.3 Consulting services            223

11.1.8    STELLAR ENERGY INTERNATIONAL      225

11.1.8.1 Business overview 225

11.1.8.2 District cooling projects     225

11.2       MANUFACTURING COMPANIES             227

11.2.1    JOHNSON CONTROLS INC.        227

11.2.1.1 Business overview 227

11.2.1.2 Products/Services/Solutions offered 228

11.2.2    DAIKIN INDUSTRIES, LTD.         230

11.2.2.1 Business overview 230

11.2.2.2 Products/Services/Solutions offered 231

11.2.3    TRANE TECHNOLOGIES PLC    232

11.2.3.1 Business overview 232

11.2.3.2 Products/Services/Solutions offered 233

11.2.4    MITSUBISHI HEAVY INDUSTRIES, LTD. 234

11.2.4.1 Business overview 234

11.2.4.2 Products/Services/Solutions offered 235

11.2.5    DANFOSS A/S   237

11.2.5.1 Business overview 237

11.2.5.2 Products/Services/Solutions offered 238

11.2.5.3 Recent development          240

11.2.5.3.1            Product launches 240

11.2.5.3.2            Deals     241

11.2.6    ATKINSRÉALIS 242

11.2.6.1 Business overview 242

11.2.6.2 Products/Services/Solutions offered 243

11.2.7    FORTUM            244

11.2.7.1 Business overview 244

11.2.7.2 Products/Services/Solutions offered 245

11.2.8    SIEMENS            246

11.2.8.1 Business overview 246

11.2.8.2 Products/Services/Solutions offered 247

11.2.9    VEOLIA 248

11.2.9.1 Business overview 248

11.2.9.2 Products/Services/Solutions offered 250

11.2.10  LOGSTOR DENMARK HOLDING APS     251

11.2.10.1             Business overview 251

11.2.10.2             District cooling projects     252

11.2.10.3             District cooling pipe networks         253

11.2.10.4             Products/Services/Solutions offered 253

11.2.10.5             Recent developments         255

11.2.10.5.1          Deals     255

11.3       OTHER PLAYERS           256

11.3.1    MULTIPLY GROUP        256

11.3.2    DC PRO ENGINEERING 257

11.3.3    MARAFEQ QATAR          258

11.3.4    SP GROUP         259

11.3.5    VATTENFALL AB            260

11.3.6    HELEN OY         260

11.3.7    CETETHERM    261

11.3.8    ENGIE  261

11.3.9    DALKIA 262

11.3.10  ENWAVE ENERGY CORPORATION         262

12          APPENDIX         263

12.1       INSIGHTS FROM INDUSTRY EXPERTS   263

12.2       DISCUSSION GUIDE      264

12.3       KNOWLEDGESTORE: MARKETSANDMARKETS’ SUBSCRIPTION PORTAL             267

12.4       CUSTOMIZATION OPTIONS      269

12.5       RELATED REPORTS       269

12.6       AUTHOR DETAILS         270

LIST OF TABLES

TABLE 1             DISTRICT COOLING MARKET: RISK ANALYSIS   42

TABLE 2             DISTRICT COOLING MARKET SNAPSHOT          44

TABLE 3             ROLE OF COMPANIES IN DISTRICT COOLING ECOSYSTEM              59

TABLE 4             EXPORT DATA FOR HS CODE 841989-COMPLIANT PRODUCTS, BY COUNTRY, 2021–2022 (USD THOUSAND)       63

TABLE 5             IMPORT DATA FOR HS CODE 841989-COMPLIANT PRODUCTS, BY COUNTRY, 2021–2023 (USD THOUSAND)       64

TABLE 6             LIST OF PATENTS, 2021–2023     67

TABLE 7             DISTRICT COOLING MARKET: LIST OF CONFERENCES AND EVENTS, 2024    68

TABLE 8             INDICATIVE PRICING TREND OF DISTRICT COOLING SYSTEMS, BY APPLICATION, 2021–2023 (USD/RT)           68

TABLE 9             AVERAGE SELLING PRICE TREND OF DISTRICT COOLING SYSTEMS, BY REGION, 2021–2023 (USD/RT)        69

TABLE 10          IMPORT TARIFF DATA FOR HS 841989-COMPLIANT PRODUCTS, 2023      70

TABLE 11           NORTH AMERICA: REGULATORY BODIES, GOVERNMENT AGENCIES,

AND OTHER ORGANIZATIONS 71

TABLE 12           EUROPE: REGULATORY BODIES, GOVERNMENT AGENCIES,

AND OTHER ORGANIZATIONS 72

TABLE 13           ASIA PACIFIC: REGULATORY BODIES, GOVERNMENT AGENCIES,

AND OTHER ORGANIZATIONS 72

TABLE 14           MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA: REGULATORY BODIES, GOVERNMENT AGENCIES,

AND OTHER ORGANIZATIONS 72

TABLE 15           SOUTH AMERICA: REGULATORY BODIES, GOVERNMENT AGENCIES,

AND OTHER ORGANIZATIONS 73

TABLE 16           NORTH AMERICA: CODES AND REGULATIONS 73

TABLE 17           ASIA PACIFIC: CODES AND REGULATIONS         73

TABLE 18           GLOBAL: CODES AND REGULATIONS   73

TABLE 19           PORTER’S FIVE FORCES ANALYSIS         74

TABLE 20           INFLUENCE OF STAKEHOLDERS ON BUYING PROCESS, BY APPLICATION  76

TABLE 21           KEY BUYING CRITERIA, BY APPLICATION          77

TABLE 22           DISTRICT COOLING MARKET, BY PRODUCTION TECHNIQUE,

2021–2023 (USD MILLION)          81

TABLE 23           DISTRICT COOLING MARKET, BY PRODUCTION TECHNIQUE,

2024–2029 (USD MILLION)          81

TABLE 24           FREE COOLING: DISTRICT COOLING MARKET, BY REGION,

2021–2023 (USD MILLION)          82

TABLE 25           FREE COOLING: DISTRICT COOLING MARKET, BY REGION,

2024–2029 (USD MILLION)          82

TABLE 26           ABSORPTION COOLING: DISTRICT COOLING MARKET, BY REGION,

2021–2023 (USD MILLION)          83

TABLE 27           ABSORPTION COOLING: DISTRICT COOLING MARKET, BY REGION,

2024–2029 (USD MILLION)          83

TABLE 28           ELECTRIC CHILLERS: DISTRICT COOLING MARKET, BY REGION,

2021–2023 (USD MILLION)          84

TABLE 29           ELECTRIC CHILLERS: DISTRICT COOLING MARKET, BY REGION,

2024–2029 (USD MILLION)          85

TABLE 30           DISTRICT COOLING MARKET, BY SOURCE, 2021–2023 (USD MILLION)          87

TABLE 31           DISTRICT COOLING MARKET, BY SOURCE, 2024–2029 (USD MILLION)          88

TABLE 32           FOSSIL FUELS: DISTRICT COOLING MARKET, BY REGION,

2021–2023 (USD MILLION)          88

TABLE 33           FOSSIL FUELS: DISTRICT COOLING MARKET, BY REGION,

2024–2029 (USD MILLION)          89

TABLE 34           RENEWABLE ENERGY: DISTRICT COOLING MARKET, BY REGION,

2021–2023 (USD MILLION)          90

TABLE 35           RENEWABLE ENERGY: DISTRICT COOLING MARKET, BY REGION,

2024–2029 (USD MILLION)          90

TABLE 36           OTHER SOURCES: DISTRICT COOLING MARKET, BY REGION,

2021–2023 (USD MILLION)          91

TABLE 37           OTHER SOURCES: DISTRICT COOLING MARKET, BY REGION,

2024–2029 (USD MILLION)          91

TABLE 38           DISTRICT COOLING MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2021–2023 (USD MILLION) 93

TABLE 39           DISTRICT COOLING MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2024–2029 (USD MILLION) 94

TABLE 40          DISTRICT COOLING MARKET, BY COMMERCIAL APPLICATION,

2021–2023 (USD MILLION)          94

TABLE 41          DISTRICT COOLING MARKET, BY COMMERCIAL APPLICATION,

2024–2029 (USD MILLION)          94

TABLE 42           RESIDENTIAL: DISTRICT COOLING MARKET, BY REGION,

2021–2023 (USD MILLION)          95

TABLE 43           RESIDENTIAL: DISTRICT COOLING MARKET, BY REGION,

2024–2029 (USD MILLION)          95

TABLE 44           INDUSTRIAL: DISTRICT COOLING MARKET, BY REGION, 2021–2023 (USD MILLION)     96

TABLE 45           INDUSTRIAL: DISTRICT COOLING MARKET, BY REGION, 2024–2029 (USD MILLION)     97

TABLE 46           COMMERCIAL: DISTRICT COOLING MARKET, BY REGION,

2021–2023 (USD MILLION)          97

TABLE 47           COMMERCIAL: DISTRICT COOLING MARKET, BY REGION,

2024–2029 (USD MILLION)          98

TABLE 48           HOSPITALS: DISTRICT COOLING MARKET, BY REGION, 2021–2023 (USD MILLION)     98

TABLE 49           HOSPITALS: DISTRICT COOLING MARKET, BY REGION, 2024–2029 (USD MILLION)     99

TABLE 50           EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTES: DISTRICT COOLING MARKET, BY REGION,

2021–2023 (USD MILLION)          99

TABLE 51           EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTES: DISTRICT COOLING MARKET, BY REGION,

2024–2029 (USD MILLION)          100

TABLE 52           GOVERNMENT BUILDINGS: DISTRICT COOLING MARKET, BY REGION,

2021–2023 (USD MILLION)          100

TABLE 53           GOVERNMENT BUILDINGS: DISTRICT COOLING MARKET, BY REGION,

2024–2029 (USD MILLION)          101

TABLE 54           OFFICES: DISTRICT COOLING MARKET, BY REGION, 2021–2023 (USD MILLION) 101

TABLE 55           OFFICES: DISTRICT COOLING MARKET, BY REGION, 2024–2029 (USD MILLION) 102

TABLE 56           AIRPORTS: DISTRICT COOLING MARKET, BY REGION, 2021–2023 (USD MILLION)     102

TABLE 57           AIRPORTS: DISTRICT COOLING MARKET, BY REGION, 2024–2029 (USD MILLION)     103

TABLE 58           RETAIL STORES: DISTRICT COOLING MARKET, BY REGION,

2021–2023 (USD MILLION)          103

TABLE 59           RETAIL STORES: DISTRICT COOLING MARKET, BY REGION,

2024–2029 (USD MILLION)          104

TABLE 60           DISTRICT COOLING MARKET, BY REGION, 2021–2023 (USD MILLION)          107

TABLE 61           DISTRICT COOLING MARKET, BY REGION, 2024–2029 (USD MILLION)          107

TABLE 62           DISTRICT COOLING MARKET, BY REGION, 2021–2023 (THOUSAND RT)           108

TABLE 63           DISTRICT COOLING MARKET, BY REGION, 2024–2029 (THOUSAND RT)           108

TABLE 64          NORTH AMERICA: DISTRICT COOLING MARKET, BY COUNTRY,

2021–2023 (USD MILLION)          109

TABLE 65          NORTH AMERICA: DISTRICT COOLING MARKET, BY COUNTRY,

2024–2029 (USD MILLION)          109

TABLE 66           NORTH AMERICA: DISTRICT COOLING MARKET, BY PRODUCTION TECHNIQUE, 2021–2023 (USD MILLION) 109

TABLE 67           NORTH AMERICA: DISTRICT COOLING MARKET, BY PRODUCTION TECHNIQUE, 2024–2029 (USD MILLION) 109

TABLE 68           NORTH AMERICA: DISTRICT COOLING MARKET, BY APPLICATION,

2021–2023 (USD MILLION)          110

TABLE 69           NORTH AMERICA: DISTRICT COOLING MARKET, BY APPLICATION,

2024–2029 (USD MILLION)          110

TABLE 70           NORTH AMERICA: DISTRICT COOLING MARKET, BY COMMERCIAL APPLICATION, 2021–2023 (USD MILLION)            110

TABLE 71           NORTH AMERICA: DISTRICT COOLING MARKET, BY COMMERCIAL APPLICATION, 2024–2029 (USD MILLION)            111

TABLE 72           NORTH AMERICA: DISTRICT COOLING MARKET, BY SOURCE,

2021–2023 (USD MILLION)          111

TABLE 73           NORTH AMERICA: DISTRICT COOLING MARKET, BY SOURCE,

2024–2029 (USD MILLION)          111

TABLE 74           US: DISTRICT COOLING MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2021–2023 (USD MILLION) 112

TABLE 75           US: DISTRICT COOLING MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2024–2029 (USD MILLION) 112

TABLE 76           US: DISTRICT COOLING MARKET, BY COMMERCIAL APPLICATION,

2021–2023 (USD MILLION)          113

TABLE 77           US: DISTRICT COOLING MARKET, BY COMMERCIAL APPLICATION,

2024–2029 (USD MILLION)          113

TABLE 78           CANADA: DISTRICT COOLING MARKET, BY APPLICATION,

2021–2023 (USD MILLION)          114

TABLE 79           CANADA: DISTRICT COOLING MARKET, BY APPLICATION,

2024–2029 (USD MILLION)          114

TABLE 80           CANADA: DISTRICT COOLING MARKET, BY COMMERCIAL APPLICATION,

2021–2023 (USD MILLION)          114

TABLE 81           CANADA: DISTRICT COOLING MARKET, BY COMMERCIAL APPLICATION,

2024–2029 (USD MILLION)          115

TABLE 82           ASIA PACIFIC: DISTRICT COOLING MARKET, BY COUNTRY,

2021–2023 (USD MILLION)          117

TABLE 83           ASIA PACIFIC: DISTRICT COOLING MARKET, BY COUNTRY,

2024–2029 (USD MILLION)          117

TABLE 84           ASIA PACIFIC: DISTRICT COOLING MARKET, BY PRODUCTION TECHNIQUE,

2021–2023 (USD MILLION)          117

TABLE 85           ASIA PACIFIC: DISTRICT COOLING MARKET, BY PRODUCTION TECHNIQUE,

2024–2029 (USD MILLION)          118

TABLE 86           ASIA PACIFIC: DISTRICT COOLING MARKET, BY APPLICATION,

2021–2023 (USD MILLION)          118

TABLE 87           ASIA PACIFIC: DISTRICT COOLING MARKET, BY APPLICATION,

2024–2029 (USD MILLION)          118

TABLE 88           ASIA PACIFIC: DISTRICT COOLING MARKET, BY COMMERCIAL APPLICATION,

2021–2023 (USD MILLION)          118

TABLE 89           ASIA PACIFIC: DISTRICT COOLING MARKET, BY COMMERCIAL APPLICATION,

2024–2029 (USD MILLION)          119

TABLE 90           ASIA PACIFIC: DISTRICT COOLING MARKET, BY SOURCE,

2021–2023 (USD MILLION)          119

TABLE 91           ASIA PACIFIC: DISTRICT COOLING MARKET, BY SOURCE,

2024–2029 (USD MILLION)          119

TABLE 92           CHINA: DISTRICT COOLING MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2021–2023 (USD MILLION)     120

TABLE 93           CHINA: DISTRICT COOLING MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2024–2029 (USD MILLION)     120

TABLE 94           CHINA: DISTRICT COOLING MARKET, BY COMMERCIAL APPLICATION,

2021–2023 (USD MILLION)          120

TABLE 95           CHINA: DISTRICT COOLING MARKET, BY COMMERCIAL APPLICATION,

2024–2029 (USD MILLION)          121

TABLE 96           JAPAN: DISTRICT COOLING MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2021–2023 (USD MILLION)     121

TABLE 97           JAPAN: DISTRICT COOLING MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2024–2029 (USD MILLION)     122

TABLE 98           JAPAN: DISTRICT COOLING MARKET, BY COMMERCIAL APPLICATION,

2021–2023 (USD MILLION)          122

TABLE 99           JAPAN: DISTRICT COOLING MARKET, BY COMMERCIAL APPLICATION,

2024–2029 (USD MILLION)          122

TABLE 100         SOUTH KOREA: DISTRICT COOLING MARKET, BY APPLICATION,

2021–2023 (USD MILLION)          123

TABLE 101         SOUTH KOREA: DISTRICT COOLING MARKET, BY APPLICATION,

2024–2029 (USD MILLION)          123

TABLE 102         SOUTH KOREA: DISTRICT COOLING MARKET, BY COMMERCIAL APPLICATION, 2021–2023 (USD MILLION)            124

TABLE 103         SOUTH KOREA: DISTRICT COOLING MARKET, BY COMMERCIAL APPLICATION, 2024–2029 (USD MILLION)            124

TABLE 104         SINGAPORE: DISTRICT COOLING MARKET, BY APPLICATION,

2021–2023 (USD MILLION)          125

TABLE 105         SINGAPORE: DISTRICT COOLING MARKET, BY APPLICATION,

2024–2029 (USD MILLION)          125

TABLE 106         SINGAPORE: DISTRICT COOLING MARKET, BY COMMERCIAL APPLICATION,

2021–2023 (USD MILLION)          125

TABLE 107         SINGAPORE: DISTRICT COOLING MARKET, BY COMMERCIAL APPLICATION,

2024–2029 (USD MILLION)          126

TABLE 108         MALAYSIA: DISTRICT COOLING MARKET, BY APPLICATION,

2021–2023 (USD MILLION)          126

TABLE 109         MALAYSIA: DISTRICT COOLING MARKET, BY APPLICATION,

2024–2029 (USD MILLION)          127

TABLE 110         MALAYSIA: DISTRICT COOLING MARKET, BY COMMERCIAL APPLICATION,

2021–2023 (USD MILLION)          127

TABLE 111         MALAYSIA: DISTRICT COOLING MARKET, BY COMMERCIAL APPLICATION,

2024–2029 (USD MILLION)          127

TABLE 112         REST OF ASIA PACIFIC: DISTRICT COOLING MARKET, BY APPLICATION,

2021–2023 (USD MILLION)          128

TABLE 113         REST OF ASIA PACIFIC: DISTRICT COOLING MARKET, BY APPLICATION,

2024–2029 (USD MILLION)          128

TABLE 114         REST OF ASIA PACIFIC: DISTRICT COOLING MARKET, BY COMMERCIAL APPLICATION, 2021–2023 (USD MILLION)            129

TABLE 115         REST OF ASIA PACIFIC: DISTRICT COOLING MARKET, BY COMMERCIAL APPLICATION, 2024–2029 (USD MILLION)            129

TABLE 116         EUROPE: DISTRICT COOLING MARKET, BY COUNTRY, 2021–2023 (USD MILLION)     130

TABLE 117         EUROPE: DISTRICT COOLING MARKET, BY COUNTRY, 2024–2029 (USD MILLION)     130

TABLE 118         EUROPE: DISTRICT COOLING MARKET, BY PRODUCTION TECHNIQUE,

2021–2023 (USD MILLION)          130

TABLE 119         EUROPE: DISTRICT COOLING MARKET, BY PRODUCTION TECHNIQUE,

2024–2029 (USD MILLION)          131

TABLE 120         EUROPE: DISTRICT COOLING MARKET, BY APPLICATION,

2021–2023 (USD MILLION)          131

TABLE 121         EUROPE: DISTRICT COOLING MARKET, BY APPLICATION,

2024–2029 (USD MILLION)          131

TABLE 122         EUROPE: DISTRICT COOLING MARKET, BY COMMERCIAL APPLICATION,

2021–2023 (USD MILLION)          131

TABLE 123         EUROPE: DISTRICT COOLING MARKET, BY COMMERCIAL APPLICATION,

2024–2029 (USD MILLION)          132

TABLE 124         EUROPE: DISTRICT COOLING MARKET, BY SOURCE, 2021–2023 (USD MILLION) 132

TABLE 125         EUROPE: DISTRICT COOLING MARKET, BY SOURCE, 2024–2029 (USD MILLION) 132

TABLE 126         SWEDEN: DISTRICT COOLING MARKET, BY APPLICATION,

2021–2023 (USD MILLION)          133

TABLE 127         SWEDEN: DISTRICT COOLING MARKET, BY APPLICATION,

2024–2029 (USD MILLION)          133

TABLE 128         SWEDEN: DISTRICT COOLING MARKET, BY COMMERCIAL APPLICATION,

2021–2023 (USD MILLION)          134

TABLE 129         SWEDEN: DISTRICT COOLING MARKET, BY COMMERCIAL APPLICATION,

2024–2029 (USD MILLION)          134

TABLE 130         FRANCE: DISTRICT COOLING MARKET, BY APPLICATION,

2021–2023 (USD MILLION)          135

TABLE 131         FRANCE: DISTRICT COOLING MARKET, BY APPLICATION,

2024–2029 (USD MILLION)          135

TABLE 132         FRANCE: DISTRICT COOLING MARKET, BY COMMERCIAL APPLICATION,

2021–2023 (USD MILLION)          135

TABLE 133         FRANCE: DISTRICT COOLING MARKET, BY COMMERCIAL APPLICATION,

2024–2029 (USD MILLION)          136

TABLE 134         GERMANY: DISTRICT COOLING MARKET, BY APPLICATION,

2021–2023 (USD MILLION)          136

TABLE 135         GERMANY: DISTRICT COOLING MARKET, BY APPLICATION,

2024–2029 (USD MILLION)          137

TABLE 136         GERMANY: DISTRICT COOLING MARKET, BY COMMERCIAL APPLICATION,

2021–2023 (USD MILLION)          137

TABLE 137         GERMANY: DISTRICT COOLING MARKET, BY COMMERCIAL APPLICATION,

2024–2029 (USD MILLION)          137

TABLE 138         FINLAND: DISTRICT COOLING MARKET, BY APPLICATION,

2021–2023 (USD MILLION)          138

TABLE 139         FINLAND: DISTRICT COOLING MARKET, BY APPLICATION,

2024–2029 (USD MILLION)          139

TABLE 140         FINLAND: DISTRICT COOLING MARKET, BY COMMERCIAL APPLICATION,

2021–2023 (USD MILLION)          139

TABLE 141         FINLAND: DISTRICT COOLING MARKET, BY COMMERCIAL APPLICATION,

2024–2029 (USD MILLION)          139

TABLE 142         NORWAY: DISTRICT COOLING MARKET, BY APPLICATION,

2021–2023 (USD MILLION)          140

TABLE 143         NORWAY: DISTRICT COOLING MARKET, BY APPLICATION,

2024–2029 (USD MILLION)          140

TABLE 144         NORWAY: DISTRICT COOLING MARKET, BY COMMERCIAL APPLICATION,

2021–2023 (USD MILLION)          140

TABLE 145         NORWAY: DISTRICT COOLING MARKET, BY COMMERCIAL APPLICATION,

2024–2029 (USD MILLION)          141

TABLE 146         ITALY: DISTRICT COOLING MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2021–2023 (USD MILLION)     141

TABLE 147         ITALY: DISTRICT COOLING MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2024–2029 (USD MILLION)     142

TABLE 148         ITALY: DISTRICT COOLING MARKET, BY COMMERCIAL APPLICATION,

2021–2023 (USD MILLION)          142

TABLE 149         ITALY: DISTRICT COOLING MARKET, BY COMMERCIAL APPLICATION,

2024–2029 (USD MILLION)          142

TABLE 150         REST OF EUROPE: DISTRICT COOLING MARKET, BY APPLICATION,

2021–2023 (USD MILLION)          143

TABLE 151         REST OF EUROPE: DISTRICT COOLING MARKET, BY APPLICATION,

2024–2029 (USD MILLION)          143

TABLE 152         REST OF EUROPE: DISTRICT COOLING MARKET, BY COMMERCIAL APPLICATION, 2021–2023 (USD MILLION)            143

TABLE 153         REST OF EUROPE: DISTRICT COOLING MARKET, BY COMMERCIAL APPLICATION, 2024–2029 (USD MILLION)            144

TABLE 154         MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA: DISTRICT COOLING MARKET, BY COUNTRY,

2021–2023 (USD MILLION)          146

TABLE 155         MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA: DISTRICT COOLING MARKET, BY COUNTRY,

2024–2029 (USD MILLION)          146

TABLE 156         GCC: DISTRICT COOLING MARKET, BY COUNTRY, 2021–2023 (USD MILLION) 146

TABLE 157         GCC: DISTRICT COOLING MARKET, BY COUNTRY, 2024–2029 (USD MILLION) 147

TABLE 158         MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA: DISTRICT COOLING MARKET,

BY PRODUCTION TECHNIQUE, 2021–2023 (USD MILLION)          147

TABLE 159         MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA: DISTRICT COOLING MARKET,

BY PRODUCTION TECHNIQUE, 2024–2029 (USD MILLION)          147

TABLE 160         MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA: DISTRICT COOLING MARKET, BY APPLICATION,

2021–2023 (USD MILLION)          147

TABLE 161         MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA: DISTRICT COOLING MARKET, BY APPLICATION,

2024–2029 (USD MILLION)          148

TABLE 162         MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA: DISTRICT COOLING MARKET, BY COMMERCIAL APPLICATION, 2021–2023 (USD MILLION)            148

TABLE 163         MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA: DISTRICT COOLING MARKET, BY COMMERCIAL APPLICATION, 2024–2029 (USD MILLION)            148

TABLE 164         MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA: DISTRICT COOLING MARKET, BY SOURCE,

2021–2023 (USD MILLION)          149

TABLE 165         MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA: DISTRICT COOLING MARKET, BY SOURCE,

2024–2029 (USD MILLION)          149

TABLE 166         SAUDI ARABIA: DISTRICT COOLING MARKET, BY APPLICATION,

2021–2023 (USD MILLION)          150

TABLE 167         SAUDI ARABIA: DISTRICT COOLING MARKET, BY APPLICATION,

2024–2029 (USD MILLION)          150

TABLE 168         SAUDI ARABIA: DISTRICT COOLING MARKET, BY COMMERCIAL APPLICATION, 2021–2023 (USD MILLION)            151

TABLE 169         SAUDI ARABIA: DISTRICT COOLING MARKET, BY COMMERCIAL APPLICATION, 2024–2029 (USD MILLION)            151

TABLE 170         UAE: DISTRICT COOLING MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2021–2023 (USD MILLION)     152

TABLE 171         UAE: DISTRICT COOLING MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2024–2029 (USD MILLION)     152

TABLE 172         UAE: DISTRICT COOLING MARKET, BY COMMERCIAL APPLICATION,

2021–2023 (USD MILLION)          152

TABLE 173         UAE: DISTRICT COOLING MARKET, BY COMMERCIAL APPLICATION,

2024–2029 (USD MILLION)          153

TABLE 174         QATAR: DISTRICT COOLING MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2021–2023 (USD MILLION)     154

TABLE 175         QATAR: DISTRICT COOLING MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2024–2029 (USD MILLION)     154

TABLE 176         QATAR: DISTRICT COOLING MARKET, BY COMMERCIAL APPLICATION,

2021–2023 (USD MILLION)          154

TABLE 177         QATAR: DISTRICT COOLING MARKET, BY COMMERCIAL APPLICATION,

2024–2029 (USD MILLION)          155

TABLE 178         BAHRAIN: DISTRICT COOLING MARKET, BY APPLICATION,

2021–2023 (USD MILLION)          155

TABLE 179         BAHRAIN: DISTRICT COOLING MARKET, BY APPLICATION,

2024–2029 (USD MILLION)          156

TABLE 180         BAHRAIN: DISTRICT COOLING MARKET, BY COMMERCIAL APPLICATION,

2021–2023 (USD MILLION)          156

TABLE 181         BAHRAIN: DISTRICT COOLING MARKET, BY COMMERCIAL APPLICATION,

2024–2029 (USD MILLION)          156

TABLE 182         OMAN: DISTRICT COOLING MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2021–2023 (USD MILLION)     157

TABLE 183         OMAN: DISTRICT COOLING MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2024–2029 (USD MILLION)     157

TABLE 184         OMAN: DISTRICT COOLING MARKET, BY COMMERCIAL APPLICATION,

2021–2023 (USD MILLION)          158

TABLE 185         OMAN: DISTRICT COOLING MARKET, BY COMMERCIAL APPLICATION,

2024–2029 (USD MILLION)          158

TABLE 186         KUWAIT: DISTRICT COOLING MARKET, BY APPLICATION,

2021–2023 (USD MILLION)          159

TABLE 187         KUWAIT: DISTRICT COOLING MARKET, BY APPLICATION,

2024–2029 (USD MILLION)          159

TABLE 188         KUWAIT: DISTRICT COOLING MARKET, BY COMMERCIAL APPLICATION,

2021–2023 (USD MILLION)          159

TABLE 189         KUWAIT: DISTRICT COOLING MARKET, BY COMMERCIAL APPLICATION,

2024–2029 (USD MILLION)          160

TABLE 190         EGYPT: DISTRICT COOLING MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2021–2023 (USD MILLION)     160

TABLE 191         EGYPT: DISTRICT COOLING MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2024–2029 (USD MILLION)     160

TABLE 192         EGYPT: DISTRICT COOLING MARKET, BY COMMERCIAL APPLICATION,

2021–2023 (USD MILLION)          161

TABLE 193         EGYPT: DISTRICT COOLING MARKET, BY COMMERCIAL APPLICATION,

2024–2029 (USD MILLION)          161

TABLE 194         AFRICA & REST OF MIDDLE EAST: DISTRICT COOLING MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2021–2023 (USD MILLION)  161

TABLE 195         AFRICA & REST OF MIDDLE EAST: DISTRICT COOLING MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2024–2029 (USD MILLION)  162

TABLE 196         AFRICA & REST OF MIDDLE EAST: DISTRICT COOLING MARKET,

BY COMMERCIAL APPLICATION, 2021–2023 (USD MILLION)       162

TABLE 197         AFRICA & REST OF MIDDLE EAST: DISTRICT COOLING MARKET,

BY COMMERCIAL APPLICATION, 2024–2029 (USD MILLION)       162

TABLE 198         SOUTH AMERICA: DISTRICT COOLING MARKET, BY COUNTRY,

2021–2023 (USD MILLION)          163

TABLE 199         SOUTH AMERICA: DISTRICT COOLING MARKET, BY COUNTRY,

2024–2029 (USD MILLION)          163

TABLE 200         SOUTH AMERICA: DISTRICT COOLING MARKET, BY PRODUCTION TECHNIQUE, 2021–2023 (USD MILLION) 163

TABLE 201         SOUTH AMERICA: DISTRICT COOLING MARKET, BY PRODUCTION TECHNIQUE, 2024–2029 (USD MILLION) 164

TABLE 202         SOUTH AMERICA: DISTRICT COOLING MARKET, BY APPLICATION,

2021–2023 (USD MILLION)          164

TABLE 203         SOUTH AMERICA: DISTRICT COOLING MARKET, BY APPLICATION,

2024–2029 (USD MILLION)          164

TABLE 204         SOUTH AMERICA: DISTRICT COOLING MARKET, BY COMMERCIAL APPLICATION, 2021–2023 (USD MILLION)            165

TABLE 205         SOUTH AMERICA: DISTRICT COOLING MARKET, BY COMMERCIAL APPLICATION, 2024–2029 (USD MILLION)            165

TABLE 206         SOUTH AMERICA: DISTRICT COOLING MARKET, BY SOURCE,

2021–2023 (USD MILLION)          165

TABLE 207         SOUTH AMERICA: DISTRICT COOLING MARKET, BY SOURCE,

2024–2029 (USD MILLION)          166

TABLE 208         BRAZIL: DISTRICT COOLING MARKET, BY APPLICATION,

2021–2023 (USD MILLION)          166

TABLE 209         BRAZIL: DISTRICT COOLING MARKET, BY APPLICATION,

2024–2029 (USD MILLION)          166

TABLE 210         BRAZIL: DISTRICT COOLING MARKET, BY COMMERCIAL APPLICATION,

2021–2023 (USD MILLION)          167

TABLE 211         BRAZIL: DISTRICT COOLING MARKET, BY COMMERCIAL APPLICATION,

2024–2029 (USD MILLION)          167

TABLE 212         ARGENTINA: DISTRICT COOLING MARKET, BY APPLICATION,

2021–2023 (USD MILLION)          168

TABLE 213         ARGENTINA: DISTRICT COOLING MARKET, BY APPLICATION,

2024–2029 (USD MILLION)          168

TABLE 214         ARGENTINA: DISTRICT COOLING MARKET, BY COMMERCIAL APPLICATION,

2021–2023 (USD MILLION)          168

TABLE 215         ARGENTINA: DISTRICT COOLING MARKET, BY COMMERCIAL APPLICATION,

2024–2029 (USD MILLION)          169

TABLE 216         REST OF SOUTH AMERICA: DISTRICT COOLING MARKET, BY APPLICATION,

2021–2023 (USD MILLION)          169

TABLE 217         REST OF SOUTH AMERICA: DISTRICT COOLING MARKET, BY APPLICATION,

2024–2029 (USD MILLION)          170

TABLE 218         REST OF SOUTH AMERICA: DISTRICT COOLING MARKET, BY COMMERCIAL APPLICATION, 2021–2023 (USD MILLION)            170

TABLE 219         REST OF SOUTH AMERICA: DISTRICT COOLING MARKET, BY COMMERCIAL APPLICATION, 2024–2029 (USD MILLION)            170

TABLE 220         DISTRICT COOLING MARKET: OVERVIEW OF STRATEGIES ADOPTED BY KEY PLAYERS, 2019–2024  171

TABLE 221         DISTRICT COOLING MARKET: DEGREE OF COMPETITION, 2023      172

TABLE 222         DISTRICT COOLING MARKET: PRODUCTION TECHNIQUE FOOTPRINT      177

TABLE 223         DISTRICT COOLING MARKET: APPLICATION FOOTPRINT              178

TABLE 224         DISTRICT COOLING MARKET: REGION FOOTPRINT      179

TABLE 225         DISTRICT COOLING MARKET: DETAILED LIST OF KEY STARTUPS/SMES           182

TABLE 226         DISTRICT COOLING MARKET: COMPETITIVE BENCHMARKING OF

KEY STARTUPS/SMES   182

TABLE 227         DISTRICT COOLING MARKET: PRODUCT LAUNCHES, JANUARY 2019–JUNE 2024           183

TABLE 228         DISTRICT COOLING MARKET: DEALS, JANUARY 2019–JUNE 2024      184

TABLE 229         DISTRICT COOLING MARKET: EXPANSIONS, JANUARY 2019–JUNE 2024          190

TABLE 230         DISTRICT COOLING MARKET: OTHERS, JANUARY 2019–JUNE 2024      191

TABLE 231         EMIRATES CENTRAL COOLING SYSTEMS CORPORATION PJSC:

COMPANY OVERVIEW  194

TABLE 232         EMIRATES CENTRAL COOLING SYSTEMS CORPORATION PJSC:

DISTRICT COOLING PROJECTS 195

TABLE 233         EMIRATES CENTRAL COOLING SYSTEMS CORPORATION PJSC: DEALS  197

TABLE 234         EMIRATES CENTRAL COOLING SYSTEMS CORPORATION PJSC: EXPANSIONS    198

TABLE 235         EMIRATES CENTRAL COOLING SYSTEMS CORPORATION PJSC: OTHERS             199

TABLE 236         TABREED: COMPANY OVERVIEW           201

TABLE 237         TABREED: DISTRICT COOLING PROJECTS         202

TABLE 238         TABREED: DEALS          203

TABLE 239         TABREED: EXPANSIONS             207

TABLE 240         TABREED: OTHERS       207

TABLE 241         EMICOOL: COMPANY OVERVIEW           209

TABLE 242         EMICOOL: DISTRICT COOLING PROJECTS         209

TABLE 243         EMICOOL: DEALS          210

TABLE 244         EMICOOL: EXPANSIONS             211

TABLE 245         SHINRYO CORPORATION: COMPANY OVERVIEW           212

TABLE 246         SHINRYO CORPORATION: DISTRICT COOLING PROJECTS              213

TABLE 247         ADC ENERGY SYSTEMS: COMPANY OVERVIEW 215

TABLE 248         ADC ENERGY SYSTEMS: DISTRICT COOLING PROJECTS              215

TABLE 249         KEPPEL: COMPANY OVERVIEW 218

TABLE 250         KEPPEL: DISTRICT COOLING PROJECTS            219

TABLE 251         KEPPEL: DEALS 220

TABLE 252         KEPPEL: EXPANSIONS  220

TABLE 253         RAMBOLL GROUP A/S: COMPANY OVERVIEW   221

TABLE 254         RAMBOLL GROUP A/S: DISTRICT COOLING PROJECTS 222

TABLE 255         RAMBOLL GROUP A/S: CONSULTING SERVICES             223

TABLE 256         STELLAR ENERGY INTERNATIONAL: COMPANY OVERVIEW              225

TABLE 257         STELLAR ENERGY INTERNATIONAL: DISTRICT COOLING PROJECTS         225

TABLE 258         JOHNSON CONTROLS INC.: COMPANY OVERVIEW         227

TABLE 259         JOHNSON CONTROLS INC.: PRODUCTS/SERVICES/SOLUTIONS OFFERED   228

TABLE 260         DAIKIN INDUSTRIES, LTD.: COMPANY OVERVIEW         230

TABLE 261         DAIKIN INDUSTRIES, LTD.: PRODUCTS/SERVICES/SOLUTIONS OFFERED          231

TABLE 262         TRANE TECHNOLOGIES PLC: COMPANY OVERVIEW     232

TABLE 263         TRANE TECHNOLOGIES PLC: PRODUCTS/SERVICES/SOLUTIONS OFFERED   233

TABLE 264         MITSUBISHI HEAVY INDUSTRIES, LTD.: COMPANY OVERVIEW              234

TABLE 265         MITSUBISHI HEAVY INDUSTRIES, LTD.:

PRODUCTS/SERVICES/SOLUTIONS OFFERED   235

TABLE 266         DANFOSS A/S: COMPANY OVERVIEW    237

TABLE 267         DANFOSS A/S: PRODUCTS/SERVICES/SOLUTIONS OFFERED              238

TABLE 268         DANFOSS A/S: PRODUCT LAUNCHES    240

TABLE 269         DANFOSS A/S: DEALS   241

TABLE 270         ATKINSRÉALIS: COMPANY OVERVIEW  242

TABLE 271         ATKINSRÉALIS: PRODUCTS/SOLUTIONS/SERVICES OFFERED              243

TABLE 272         FORTUM: COMPANY OVERVIEW            244

TABLE 273         FORTUM: PRODUCTS/SERVICES/SOLUTIONS OFFERED              245

TABLE 274         SIEMENS: COMPANY OVERVIEW            246

TABLE 275         SIEMENS: PRODUCTS/SERVICES/SOLUTIONS OFFERED              247

TABLE 276         VEOLIA: COMPANY OVERVIEW 248

TABLE 277         VEOLIA: PRODUCTS/SERVICES/SOLUTIONS OFFERED 250

TABLE 278         LOGSTOR DENMARK HOLDING APS: COMPANY OVERVIEW              251

TABLE 279         LOGSTOR DENMARK HOLDING APS: DISTRICT COOLING PROJECTS         252

TABLE 280         LOGSTOR DENMARK HOLDING APS: DISTRICT COOLING PIPE NETWORKS       253

TABLE 281         LOGSTOR DENMARK HOLDING APS: PRODUCTS/SERVICES/SOLUTIONS OFFERED   253

TABLE 282         LOGSTOR DENMARK HOLDING APS: DEALS      255

TABLE 283         MULTIPLY GROUP: COMPANY OVERVIEW         256

TABLE 284         DC PRO ENGINEERING: COMPANY OVERVIEW 257

TABLE 285         MARAFEQ QATAR: COMPANY OVERVIEW          258

TABLE 286         SP GROUP: COMPANY OVERVIEW          259

TABLE 287         VATTENFALL AB: COMPANY OVERVIEW            260

TABLE 288         HELEN OY: COMPANY OVERVIEW          260

TABLE 289         CETETHERM: COMPANY OVERVIEW     261

TABLE 290         ENGIE: COMPANY OVERVIEW   261

TABLE 291         DALKIA: COMPANY OVERVIEW 262

TABLE 292         ENWAVE ENERGY CORPORATION: COMPANY OVERVIEW              262

LIST OF FIGURES

FIGURE 1           DISTRICT COOLING MARKET SEGMENTATION 26

FIGURE 2           DISTRICT COOLING MARKET: RESEARCH DESIGN         30

FIGURE 3           DISTRICT COOLING MARKET: DATA TRIANGULATION 35

FIGURE 4           KEY METRICS CONSIDERED TO ANALYZE DEMAND FOR

DISTRICT COOLING SYSTEMS  36

FIGURE 5           DISTRICT COOLING MARKET: BOTTOM-UP APPROACH              37

FIGURE 6           DISTRICT COOLING MARKET: TOP-DOWN APPROACH 40

FIGURE 7           KEY STEPS CONSIDERED TO ANALYZE SUPPLY OF DISTRICT COOLING SYSTEMS       41

FIGURE 8           DISTRICT COOLING MARKET SIZE ESTIMATION METHODOLOGY (SUPPLY SIDE)            41

FIGURE 9           DISTRICT COOLING MARKET: RESEARCH ASSUMPTIONS              43

FIGURE 10         DISTRICT COOLING MARKET: RESEARCH LIMITATIONS              43

FIGURE 11         FOSSIL FUELS SEGMENT TO DOMINATE DISTRICT COOLING MARKET

BETWEEN 2024 AND 2029           45

FIGURE 12         ELECTRIC CHILLERS SEGMENT TO ACCOUNT FOR LARGEST

MARKET SHARE IN 2029 46

FIGURE 13         COMMERCIAL SEGMENT TO RECORD HIGHEST CAGR FROM 2024 TO 2029     46

FIGURE 14         MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA ACCOUNTED FOR LARGEST SHARE OF GLOBAL DISTRICT COOLING MARKET IN 2023          47

FIGURE 15         GOVERNMENT-LED INITIATIVES TO PROMOTE ENERGY EFFICIENCY AND SUSTAINABILITY TO DRIVE MARKET 48

FIGURE 16         COMMERCIAL SEGMENT AND CHINA TO HOLD LARGEST SHARES OF DISTRICT COOLING MARKET IN ASIA PACIFIC IN 2024         49

FIGURE 17         COMMERCIAL SEGMENT TO ACCOUNT FOR LARGEST MARKET SHARE IN 2029 49

FIGURE 18         ELECTRIC CHILLERS SEGMENT TO HOLD LARGEST SHARE OF DISTRICT COOLING MARKET IN 2029    50

FIGURE 19         FOSSIL FUELS SEGMENT TO HOLD LARGEST MARKET SHARE IN 2029 50

FIGURE 20         ASIA PACIFIC TO REGISTER HIGHEST CAGR IN DISTRICT COOLING MARKET BETWEEN 2024 AND 2029    51

FIGURE 21         DRIVERS, RESTRAINTS, OPPORTUNITIES, AND CHALLENGES              52

FIGURE 22         INCREASE IN URBAN POPULATION, 2013–2022 (BILLION)              54

FIGURE 23         PERCENTAGE OF POPULATION LIVING IN HOT CLIMATE AND NEEDING COOLING SYSTEMS, BY REGION, 2021             55

FIGURE 24         TRENDS/DISRUPTIONS IMPACTING CUSTOMERS’ BUSINESSES              57

FIGURE 25         DISTRICT COOLING MARKET: VALUE CHAIN ANALYSIS 58

FIGURE 26         DISTRICT COOLING MARKET ECOSYSTEM        60

FIGURE 27         EXPORT DATA FOR HS CODE 841989-COMPLIANT PRODUCTS FOR TOP 5 COUNTRIES, 2021–2023 (USD THOUSAND)   64

FIGURE 28         IMPORT DATA FOR HS CODE 841989-COMPLIANT PRODUCTS TOR TOP 5 COUNTRIES, 2021–2023 (USD THOUSAND)   65

FIGURE 29         PATENTS APPLIED AND GRANTED, 2013–2023   66

FIGURE 30         AVERAGE SELLING PRICE TREND OF DISTRICT COOLING SYSTEMS, BY REGION, 2021–2023 (USD/RT)        69

FIGURE 31         INVESTMENT AND FUNDING SCENARIO (USD MILLION)              70

FIGURE 32         PORTER’S FIVE FORCES ANALYSIS         74

FIGURE 33         INFLUENCE OF STAKEHOLDERS ON BUYING PROCESS, BY APPLICATION  76

FIGURE 34         KEY BUYING CRITERIA, BY APPLICATION          77

FIGURE 35         IMPACT OF GEN AI/AI ON DISTRICT COOLING APPLICATIONS, BY REGION        79

FIGURE 36         DISTRICT COOLING MARKET SHARE, BY PRODUCTION TECHNIQUE, 2023          81

FIGURE 37         DISTRICT COOLING MARKET SHARE, BY SOURCE, 2023 87

FIGURE 38         DISTRICT COOLING MARKET SHARE, BY APPLICATION, 2023              93

FIGURE 39         ASIA PACIFIC TO RECORD HIGHEST CAGR IN GLOBAL DISTRICT COOLING MARKET DURING FORECAST PERIOD        106

FIGURE 40         DISTRICT COOLING MARKET SHARE, BY REGION, 2023 107

FIGURE 41         ASIA PACIFIC: DISTRICT COOLING MARKET SNAPSHOT              116

FIGURE 42         MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA: DISTRICT COOLING MARKET SNAPSHOT        145

FIGURE 43         MARKET SHARE ANALYSIS OF KEY PLAYERS OFFERING DISTRICT COOLING SYSTEMS AND SERVICES, 2023        173

FIGURE 44         DISTRICT COOLING MARKET: REVENUE ANALYSIS OF FIVE KEY PLAYERS,

2019–2023 (USD MILLION)          173

FIGURE 45         DISTRICT COOLING MARKET: COMPANY EVALUATION MATRIX

(KEY PLAYERS), 2023     175

FIGURE 46         DISTRICT COOLING MARKET: COMPANY FOOTPRINT 176

FIGURE 47         DISTRICT COOLING MARKET: COMPANY EVALUATION MATRIX

(STARTUPS/SMES), 2023             181

FIGURE 48         COMPANY VALUATION, 2024 (USD BILLION)     192

FIGURE 49         FINANCIAL METRICS, 2024 (EV/EBITDA)            193

FIGURE 50         BRAND/PRODUCT COMPARISON          193

FIGURE 51         EMIRATES CENTRAL COOLING SYSTEMS CORPORATION PJSC:

COMPANY SNAPSHOT  195

FIGURE 52         TABREED: COMPANY SNAPSHOT           202

FIGURE 53         SHINRYO CORPORATION: COMPANY SNAPSHOT           212

FIGURE 54         KEPPEL: COMPANY SNAPSHOT 219

FIGURE 55         RAMBOLL GROUP A/S: COMPANY SNAPSHOT   222

FIGURE 56         JOHNSON CONTROLS INC.: COMPANY SNAPSHOT        228

FIGURE 57         DAIKIN INDUSTRIES, LTD.: COMPANY SNAPSHOT         231

FIGURE 58         TRANE TECHNOLOGIES PLC: COMPANY SNAPSHOT     233

FIGURE 59         MITSUBISHI HEAVY INDUSTRIES, LTD.: COMPANY SNAPSHOT              235

FIGURE 60         DANFOSS A/S: COMPANY SNAPSHOT    238

FIGURE 61         ATKINSRÉALIS: COMPANY SNAPSHOT  243

FIGURE 62         FORTUM: COMPANY SNAPSHOT            245

FIGURE 63         SIEMENS: COMPANY SNAPSHOT            247

FIGURE 64         VEOLIA: COMPANY SNAPSHOT 249

FIGURE 65         LOGSTOR DENMARK HOLDING APS: COMPANY SNAPSHOT              252